International Journal of Advances in Medicine | January 2020 | Vol 7 | Issue 1 Page 63 International Journal of Advances in Medicine Dash M et al. Int J Adv Med. 2020 Jan;7(1):63-66 http://www.ijmedicine.com pISSN 2349-3925 | eISSN 2349-3933 Original Research Article Prevalence of hyponatremia in pulmonary tuberculosis Manoranjan Dash 1 , Ranjan Kumar Sen 2 *, Bibhu P. Behera 2 , Swapna Sarit Sahu 2 INTRODUCTION Worldwide TB is one of the top ten causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. Globally, 10.0 million people developed TB disease in 2017: 5.8 million men, 3.2 million women and 1.0 million children. 1 Tuberculosis is one of the most common infection in India and is associated with high mortality. India ranks 14th out of top 22 countries who are burdened with TB infections. 2 As per the Global TB report 2017 the estimated incidence of TB in India was approximately 28, 00,000 accounting major part of the world’s TB cases. Hyponatremia is one of the most common and important electrolyte abnormalities in clinical practice, so it must be considered in all seriously ill hospitalized patients. 3 Hyponatremia, is defined as serum sodium less than 135 mmol/litre. 4 Mild, moderate and severe hyponatremia is defined as serum sodium concentration between 130 and 135 mmol/L, between 125 and 129 mmol/L and less than 125 mmol/L respectively. Hyponatremia is observed in 15- 20% of emergency patient admissions and it occurs in up to 20% of critically ill patients. 5 Hyponatremia is important to identify because of its potential morbidity and also it can be a marker of the underlying disease. 6 The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is the most common cause of hyponatremia and is characterized by hyponatremia, 1 Department of Chest and Tuberculosis, 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College and Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India Received: 11 December 2019 Accepted: 16 December 2019 *Correspondence: Dr. Ranjan Kumar Sen, E-mail: drranjansen@gmail.com Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most common infection in India and is associated with high mortality. India ranks 14th out of top 22 countries who are burdened with TB infections. Methods: It is a prospective study after getting the ethical committee clearance from the institute. The patients admitted to Chest and TB, Medicine Department of SLN medical college and Hospital, Koraput, Odisha from Jan 2019 to December 2019 with pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. Results: A total of 65 adult patients with active PTB were included in this study with age ranging from 15 to 69 years. The mean age of patients was 38.80 + 15.03 years. The total mean serum sodium levels among the subjects was 135.5+7.23. Among 65 patients, 26 (40%) patients had low sodium levels which was less than 135mmol/l out of which 21 (42%) were males and 5 (33%) were females. In all the groups of hyponatremias, majority were found to be males when compared to the females in their respective groups. Conclusions: Hence patients with PTB have to be evaluated for hyponatremia as early detection and treatment of underlying electrolyte abnormality can potentially reduce mortality and morbidity associated with tuberculosis and also can shorten the duration of hospitalization. Keywords: Electrolytes, Hyponatremia, Pulmonary, Tuberculosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20195638