S Southern Africa: Cultural Heritage Tourism Development and Management Susan O. Keitumetse Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana Introduction Cultural heritage tourism is travel that focuses on admiring and learning about historical landscapes, past monuments, cultural landscapes, archaeolog- ical sites, historical artifacts, and most of all the local communities who are hosts of these trea- sures that are sought for travel. These features and material culture can be situated in their places of origin, such as Egyptian pyramids, or can be packaged and placed in a museum setting, e.g., a hub of Smithsonian Museums in Washington DC, USA. The process of deliberate travel to and seek- ing of interpretation of these features adds to the tourism experience of these cultural and heritage landscapes and associated material culture. Cultural heritage resources that sustain cultural heritage tourism are of two categories: 1. Tangible (UNESCO 1972) – These include among others archaeological artifacts as well as archaeo-historical sites, monuments, and landscapes. 2. Intangible heritage (UNESCO 2003) – These constitute cultural skills, knowledge, and expressions associated with material culture, i.e., the intellect that informs the production of tangible heritage. The development of heritage tourism in south- ern Africa needs to be assessed through four key processes in order to come up with a balanced representation of heritage at any particular site: 1. The process of heritage knowledge production (i.e., placement of meanings and values asso- ciated with material culture, in a country). Read case study research on interpretation at Keitumetse (2016b) 2. Sociocultural, sociopolitical, and socioeco- nomic landscape within which heritage knowl- edge is identified, selected, and expressed through tourism 3. The broader context within which tourism developed and resulted in cultural and heritage tourism (cf. Keitumetse 2016d) 4. Extent of local community involvement and development – which in archaeology is represented by what is popularly referred to as public archaeology (Little 2005; Keitumetse 2016a) Cultural heritage tourism commercializes his- torical events related to people’ s historical lives. Unlike safari tourism currently taking place in most of southern African countries, the use of # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 C. Smith (ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_13-2