International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 495 Differentiation of Brain Sub-Cortical-Structures with Effective Micro Neuro Sensors Recording Based Support Vector Machines through Deep Brain Stimulator in Parkinson`s Disease Venkateshwarla Rama Raju 1,2 , Dabbeta Anji Reddy 3 , Narasimha 4 , Srinivas Konda 5 , Kavitha Rani Balmuri 6 , Madhukar Gunda 7 1 Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), CMR College of Engineering & Technology (UGC Autonomous), Medchal Road, Kandlakoya, Hyderabad, Telangana State, TS 501 401, India 2 Honorary Research Professor, Depts of Biomedical Engineering, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Nizam`s Inst of Medical Sciences (NIMS) Hospital & Research Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, TS 500082 India. 3 Associate Professor, Dept of CSE, Vaageshwari College of Engineering (VCE) S4, Karimnagar City, Telangana State T.S. 505 001, India 4 Dept of CSE, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU) Hyderabad, Telangana State T S, India. 5,6,7 Professor, Department of CSE, CMR Technical Campus, Medchal Road, Kandlakoya, Hyderabad, Telangana State, TS 501 401, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In this study, we investigated an efficient novel methodology for the classification of Microelectroneurosensor Signals recording (or Microelectrode Recording (MER) of subthalamic-nuclei (STN) neurons obtained though deep brain stimulator in Parkinson’s disease (PD) by employing Support Vector Machines concept. We report some preliminary results. Two models are employed in this study, namely, a model that elicitates and extrapolates certain features through electro- neuro-physiological MER signals and by using support vector machines that mainly classify through supervised machine learning. The two model techniques are made as a method and applied to the problem of the detection of sub-cortical structures of PD brain, such as STN, substantia-nigra (SN) pars compacta (SNpc)/ pars reticulata (SNpc), thalamus- nucleus (TN), and zona-incerta (Zi). The results showed excellent classification circa ~ 99%. The investigation in this study certainly avoids human intervention through subjectivity in pinpointing or confining the subcortical structures particularly STN. We used microelectrodes as micro-neuro sensors vis-à-vis and vice-versa. Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS) is a device-based well-developed and well- established innovative/frontier neurosurgical-therapeutic- method that reduces the symptoms of Parkinson`s disease(PD) and restores/increases motor-functioning. DBS gives a unique- opportunity to study the electrical-oscillatory neural-activity of various sub-cortical-structures in PD-subjects. Key Words: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Microelectrode Recording (MER), Parkinson`s Disease (PD), Subthalamic- Nuclei (STN). 1. INTRODUCTION One of the most commonest neurologic disorders that elders experience, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating diagnosis affecting approximately 2 of every 1,000 older adults. Although there is currently no cure and current PD treatments help alleviate only the symptoms rather than the disease’s progression, fresh hope such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) lies in new research focused on neuroscience especially computational neuroscience and cognitive system for neuroprotection using the novel engineering developments which are major breakthroughs in engineering and medical sciences such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), DatScan, Positron Emitted Tomography (PET), Microelectrode Recording (MER) and Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS)[1]-[15]. Parkinson`s disease (PD) is though caused by a depletion of dopamine in the Basal Ganglia region of the brain, it is usually treated by medical prescriptions such as levodopa (L-dopa) medication through hospital administration and management that restores the dopamine levels. However, through L-dopa there are many side-effects such as dyskinesias (cognitive dysfunction, cognitive dementia, depression, hallucinations, and axial symptoms like body speech problems and many more). Microelectrode guided neurosurgery can also be used for treating PD in severe cases or when medication through medical management does not function. These surgical procedures include a pallidotomy or a Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). During a pallidotomy a lesion is made in the basal ganglia, while in a DBS a microelectrode is implanted to stimulate the neuronal cells in the Basal Ganglia [1]. However, the exact causes of PD are unknown, and it is a chronic, progressive brain disorder that belongs to a larger class of disorders called movement disorders. In PD, one particular population of brain cells—those that produce a chemical messenger called dopamine—become impaired and are lost over time. “The loss of these brain cells causes circuits in the brain to function abnormally, and those abnormal circuits result in movement problems,” [1]-[15]. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the convolution of four classes of cardinal motor symptoms or feature manifestations, namely, frequency of tremor, Bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Because, there is currently no definitive test for