20 Volume 1 • Issue 1 • 1000103 Int J Microbiol Curr Res. ISSN: 0000-0000 International Journal of Microbiology and Current Research Mini Review Article Open Access Chemical and Biological Synthesis of Hydroxy Apatite: Advantage and Application Giti Emtiazi*, Farzaneh Ahmadi Shapoorabadi and Maryam Mirbagheri Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Iran Article Info *Corresponding author: Giti Emtiazi Professor Department of Biotechnology Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University Iran E-mail: emtiazi@yahoo.com Received: February 28, 2019 Accepted: March 4, 2019 Published: March 11, 2019 Citation: Emtiazi G, Shapoorabadi FA, Mirbagheri M. Chemical and Biological Synthesis of Hydroxy Apatite: Advantage and Application. Int J Microbiol Curr Res. 2019; 1(1): 20-22. doi: 10.18689/ijmr-1000103 Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Published by Madridge Publishers Abstract Production of nanostructured materials, similar to the complex structure of nano- calcite of hard tissues, egg shell, teeth and bone, are an attractive field of research. Calcium phosphates with clinical applications, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) (Ca 10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 ) have been widely used in regeneration of bone and fabrication of medical implants, mainly due to the chemical composition and structure similarity between HA and the mineral part of bones and teeth, and also as gene and drug delivery is used. High surface area of HA make it useful for drug release. Moreover, it has antibacterial property and potential applications in rapid microbial detection, treatment of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Biological synthesis has been attracted more attention for compatibility to human safety. Keywords: Nanostructured materials; Hydroxyapatite; Thermal behavior; Fuzzy transformation. Introduction Apatite refers to compounds that have the same structure, but do not necessarily have the same composition, so apatite is not a compound, but an attribute for a family of compounds. Theoretically, it is possible to combine several ions to form an apatite, but in practice only structures that are thermodynamically stable can be formed. In particular, hydroxyapatite with the chemical formula Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 and the hexagonal crystalline structure is a combination of calcium phosphate, which forms the main body of the bone tooth tissue, shell and eggs. The hydroxyapatite particles contained in the bone and teeth have, respectively, plate and pinion morphologies with nano dimensions. Hydroxyapatite is in pure white state, although in normal state it can also be brownish- yellow or green [1]. Mechanical and Properties of Apatite The properties of hydroxyapatite determine the value and range of applications of this material, including crystallinity, thermal behavior, mechanical properties, density, water solubility and biocompatibility properties [2-5]. X-ray diffraction studies of bone marrow specimens show that hydroxyapatite enamel crystals are larger than dentin and bone. Obviously, the density increases with increasing degree of crystallinity, so the density of hydroxyapatite is more than bone and ivory. Unlike natural hydroxyapatite with a density of about 3.08g/cm 3 , the density of synthetic hydroxyapatite (synthetic) changes in the range of 3.6-3 g/cm 3 [2]. According to the findings of the synthesis of hydroxyapatite studies morphologically, the size of the crystal and composition is different from that of hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is expressed in terms of the degree of impurity and the rate and amount of temperature received during the synthesis of different behaviors. These behaviors are divided into 3