CHAPTER 17 Oncoviruses: Viruses Role in Common Human Tumors Berjas Abumsimir and Moulay Mustapha Ennaji Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality, Biotechnologies/ Eco-Toxicology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS ROLE IN CERVICAL CANCER According to the World Health Organization, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer with 445,000 new cases in 2012, and 270,000 deaths. Human papilloma virus (HPV) has a responsibility of major cervical cancers causalities, especially in the developing countries [World Health Organization, 2016; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2012; Bosch and De Sanjose ´, 2003; Chaouki et al., 1998]. In a study about age-standardized HPV prevalence between populations, it’s extremely varied, from 1.4% in Spain to 25.6% in Nigeria. Although both overall HPV prevalence and HPV 16 prevalence were highest in sub-Saharan Africa, HPV-positive women in Europe were significantly more likely to be infected with HPV 16 than were those in sub-Saharan Africa and were significantly less likely to be infected with high-risk HPV types other than HPV 16 and/or low-risk HPV types. Women from South America had HPV-type distribution in between those from sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. Heterogeneity between the areas of Asia was significant (Clifford et al., 2005a,b). Of the more than 35 HPV types found in the genital tract, HPV 16 accounts 361 Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819400-3.00017-X © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.