25 Introduction Describing her preparation for eldwork, Verdery noted that in the 1970s there was so little anthropological research done on Eastern Europe that it “was less known to anthropology than was New Guinea” (1996, p. 5). Eastern Europe was viewed by the discipline of anthropol- ogy as a mysterious and exotic Other. Te situation started to change in the 1990s. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the disintegra- tion of Yugoslavia, Western scholars hurried to ll in the gap, so Eastern and Central Europe saw a spike in research interest about so-called post- socialist space, as well as gender and sexuality after socialism (for an overview of the Western work on this subject until the beginning of the 2000s, see Baer 2002). Looking back almost thirty years later, it seems 2 Beyond Western Theories: On the Use and Abuse of “Homonationalism” in Eastern Europe Roman Leksikov and Dafna Rachok © Te Author(s) 2020 R. Buyantueva and M. Shevtsova (eds.), LGBTQ+ Activism in Central and Eastern Europe, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20401-3_2 R. Leksikov (*) University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada e-mail: leksikov@ualberta.ca D. Rachok Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA