~ 500 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal 2018; 7(11): 500-503 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.03 TPI 2018; 7(11): 500-503 © 2018 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 07-09-2018 Accepted: 08-10-2018 Sharma S Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Kaushik D Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Sharma RK Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Correspondence Sharma RK Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Histopathological changes induced by Malathion in wistar rats and its reversal by Emblica officinalis Sharma S, Kaushik D and Sharma RK Abstract Malathion, an organophosphate insecticide has been used in agriculture and domestic practices since mid-1940s. Present study aimed to analyze the preventive effect of Emblica officinalis juice against Malathion induced toxicity in histological structures of liver of male wistar rats. Mature Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups fed orally with different formulations of Malathion and Emblica officinalis juice (equivalent to 5 mg/kg dose of vitamin C) for the duration of 10 days. Group A serves as control. Group B and C administered with 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Malathion respectively. Recovery groups (Group D supplemented with 100 mg/kg of malathion along with Emblica officinalis juice (EOJ); Group E tested with 500 mg/kg of malathion along with EOJ; Group F administered with for 5 days and then supplemented with EOJ till 10 th day; Group G treated with 500 mg/kg of malathion for 5 days and then supplemented with EOJ till 10 th day). Present study revealed Malathion induced groups showed Sign of pyknosis in Hepatocytes, alteration in normal morphology of liver, depletion in organelles, congestion of blood vessels with hemorrhage, increased vacuolization in cytoplasm of hepatocytes in dose dependent manner. EOJ supplemented groups showed normal cellular arrangement, reduced signs of necrosis, significant decrease in number of vacuoles and intracellular spaces, elevated level of hepatocytes. Present study concluded that Malathion induced devastating effects on liver morphology and Emblica officinalis juice reverse the deleterious effects of Malathion. Keywords: Emblica officinalis, hepatotoxicity, histopathology, Malathion, organophosphates Introduction Organophosphates compounds (OPCs) are one of the important class of pesticide, widely in use since mid-1940s [1] . There are more than 100 different OPCs widely used as insecticide as well as herbicides [2] . Two third portion of this insecticide is used in agriculture practices. In 1990, a WHO report on pesticides in agriculture estimated 2, 20, 000 deaths due to pesticide poisoning, 99% of these were in the developing countries and 20,000 were unintentional [3] . This report also revealed that organophosphate pesticides were accumulated in the environment and residues has been detected in the soil, water bodies, vegetables, grains and other foods products [4] . Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are known to cause inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and pseudo cholinesterase activity in the targeted species [5] . Other systems that could be affected by OP intoxicant are immune system, haematological system, [6] pancreas [7] , liver [8] and the reproductive system [9] . Malathion [O,O-dimethyl-S-(1,2-dicarcethoxyethyl) phosphorodithioate] is most popular commercially used organophosphate pesticide. It has wide spectrum uses cross the world, especially in developing countries for protecting ornamental plants, greenhouses, livestock, stored grains, forests, buildings, gardens, agriculture from pests. Epidemiological research into the acute and chronic toxicity indicates that Malathion is highly toxic to mammals [10] . Mammals were exposed to Malathion through oral, dermal and inhalation routs [11-13] . The extensive use of Malathion has led to the exposure of numerous non-target animals, birds, invertebrates thus contaminated food chain [14-16] . The toxicity of Malathion is subjected by its metabolites. The metabolites which were primary source of toxicity, produced by the oxidation of Malathion in mammals, insects, and plants. They were 40 times more acutely toxic than Malaoxon [17] . Emblica officinalis commonly known as Amla belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. Fruit extract of Emblica officinalis is an important constituent of many Ayurvedic formulation such as chyvanprash and triphala. Traditionally, the fruit is useful as astringent, cardio tonic, laxative, diuretic, liver tonic, stomachic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, abnormalities of urine, leucorrhea, liver complications and cough [18] .