THINK INDIA JOURNAL ISSN:0971-1260 Vol-22-Issue-14-December-2019 Page | 2353 Copyright ⓒ 2019Authors Ghadar Movement: Har Dayal and His Ideological Formulations Rashid Manzoor Bhat M.Phil, Research Scholar, Department of History, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011 Email: rsdbhat@gmail.com Cell No.: 7006744994 Abstract Ghadar Party, which played a vital Role in the freedom struggle of India, was started as a Movement by Indian Immigrants on the West (Pacific) Coast of North America at the beginning of the First World War. About 8,000 of these immigrants, 95% of them Sikhs, left Canada and the United States of America for India, to free India from the British rule. They were led by intellectuals like Har Dayal and Sohan Singh Bhakna. Har Dayal was the chief ‘Man of Words’ of the Ghadar movement. His ideological formulations were cast in the mould of a rather loose framework of ideas which prevailed among the Indian revolutionaries of that period. These may be drawn from his propaganda writings and his reflection in some of his articles, including the earlier ones reprinted by the Ghadar press. His leadership of the movement ended early. Ram Chandra who succeeded Har Dayal as the editor of the movement’s chief organ with an altered name of Hindustan Ghadar, functioned in a more or less similar ideological framework. Keywords: Har Dayal, Ideology, Ghadar, Organisation, Mutiny, Rebellion Introduction Ideology is taken here as a ‘framework of consciousness’ i.e. a more or less integrated set of ideas and beliefs, which provided to the adherents an explanation of the desired social and political order and a stimulus for action required for affecting the change. It may be generally developed in response to a perceived challenge. An ideology of revolutionary change may, therefore, provide an approach to analysis and explanation, a basis for identity and solidarity, and a choice of the required shape of organisation and the strategy to be adopted. 1 It may not, however, necessarily preclude the existence of divergent ideas and beliefs within a broadly integrated framework. In studying the ideological framework of mass movements it may be pertinent to go beyond the ideas and beliefs advocated by the ideologues and intellectuals, to the substance and idiom of what the common people grasped, the manner in which those ideas were ‘translated into the mother tongue’.