Implications of Instructional Psychology for the Design of Educational Television Robert B. Kozma Robert B. Kozma is Associate Professor at School of Education, Associate Research Scientist at the Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, and Project Director, National Center for Research to Improve Post Secondary Teaching and Learning, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M148109. This article examines the implications of a cognitive model of learning for the design of educational broadcast television. Specifically examined are research studies with instructional implications for such functions as pacing, cueing, modeling, and transformation of the television presentation. If the primary function of television is enter- tainment, then program production can be viewed as primarily a creative act. With educational broadcast television, the func- tion is extended to include instruction; cor- respondingly, production must reflect a knowledge of how children learn and how this process can be facilitated. The objective of this article is to review research that can be of use to television producers and others concerned with improving the effectiveness of educational programming. This is a perilous task, in part because even educational researchers question the utilitarian value of their efforts (Kerlinger, 1977) and, in part, because so little knowl- edge has been gained from most research on the effectiveness of instructional televi- sion (Chu & Schramm, 1974; Dubin & Hed- ley, 1969; Jamison, Suppes, & Wells, 1974). But instruction remains a prescriptive sci- ence and requires the linking of the scien- tific knowledge of learning and educational goals (Glaser, 1976). Perhaps the most one can hope to accomplish with a review such ECTJ, VOL. 34, NO. 1, PAGES 11-19 ISSN 0148-5806 An earlier version of this paper was presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA, 1984. Appreciation is expressed to Barbara Beath, Edward Saunders, anonymous reviewers, and students in the author's seminar on educational televisionfor their helpful com- ments.