International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(36), pp. 8079 - 8082, 30 December, 2011
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/IJPS
DOI: 10.5897/IJPS09.024
ISSN 1992 - 1950 ©2011 Academic Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Proximate chemical analysis of nutritive contents of
Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) seeds
Yerima, B. I.
1
* and Adamu, H. M.
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Gombe State University, P.M.B.127, Gombe, Gombe State. Nigeria.
2
Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi. Bauchi State. Nigeria.
Accepted 28 April, 2011
This study provided estimate of nutrient content of Ziziphus mauritiana, a lesser known tropical legume
plant. Chemical analysis of the seeds collected from Bojude in Kwami local government area in Gombe
State and Hanani in Bauchi local government area, Bauchi State in Nigeria, showed that, the crude
protein, moisture, ash, crude fibre, lipids and carbohydrates were 36.10 ± 57, 4.21 ± 0.030, 2.79 ± 0.27,
11.04 ± 0.88, 27.40 ± 0.11 and 21.26 ± 0.63 mg per 100 g of the samples, respectively. The most
important minerals were potassium, sodium and phosphorus with 589.08 ± 10.89, 154.79 ± 10.50 and
585.43 ± 412 mg/100 g of the samples, respectively. The seeds could be used as protein and mineral
supplement for low protein legumes such as cereals. It was recommended that further protein and oil
analysis of these seeds be made so as to ascertain anti-nutritive factors in the protein and fatty acids
types available in the seeds.
Key words: Ziziphus mauritiana (Jujube), seeds, food nutrients.
INTRODUCTION
Food can be scientifically defined as that substance
which is necessary to support growth, maintain body
functions, repair or replace tissues and provides energy
for living organism (Kristosikova and Wher, 1994). The
nutrient content of any type of food is of importance for
appropriate diet intake for man and animals. Nutrition
begins at the beginning of mankind on this earth and
many references to food and nutrition exist in man’s
earliest writings.
Early man had to see the fact for himself, largely by trial
and error, as he chose his food from available plants and
from plentiful supply of animal life all around him. It was
not until the development of modern science in the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that there began to
be an appreciation of the essential nature of certain
nutrients. Among the first nutrients to be recognized as
essential were proteins, oxygen, calcium, iodine and
scurvy preventing factor (later identified as vitamin C),
most of these milestone were in the years of 1775 to
1825 (Doris and George, 1979).
*Corresponding author. E-mail: yerimabi@yahoo.com.
Data from United Nation Food and Agricultural
Organization (FAO), gave note of warning to countries in
the world, especially Africa and Caribbean countries that,
they should increase food production so that the
increased populace nutritive needs would be adequately
catered for (Alfred and Patrick, 1985).
In spite of such needs, less explored plants like Jujube
(Ziziphus mauritiana) plants needs to be explored to
ascertain the best nutritive contents for the general
benefits of the entire developing countries in the world.
The determination of nutritive contents of less explored
food would go a long way to supplement quality and
quantifiable balanced food to Nigeria and Africa at large.
The food needs of people from developing countries are
not different from those of the developed world.
Z. mauritiana or Jujube plant (English) or magarya
(Hausa) is commonly found in northern Nigeria (Huwale,
1985). The species are native of tropical Africa and the
leaves from the plant provide a good source of forage for
domestic and wild animals (Mathur et al., 1993). Humans
are also known to eat the fruit. Each large Z. mauritiana
produces more than 5000 fruits per year (Schirarend,
1991). The fruit from Z. mauritiana is globe-shaped with a
shiny brown skin that cannot be easily separated from