International Journal of Social Sciences Perspectives ISSN: 2577-7750 Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 88-99. 2020 DOI: 10.33094/7.2017.2020.62.88.99 © 2020 by the authors; licensee Online Academic Press, USA 88 © 2020 by the authors; licensee Online Academic Press, USA Social Protection and Children Vunerability in Ghana: An Evidence from the Wa and Jirapa Municipalities Eric Dalinpuo 1* Theophile Bindeoue Nasse 2 1 University for Development Studies, Wa Campus, Ghana. 2 University for Development Studies, Wa Campus (Ghana); Ouaga 2 University (Burkina Faso); Saint Thomas d’Aquin University, Burkina Faso. Licensed: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Keywords: Social protection Children vulnerability Poverty reduction Orphanhood Upper West Ghana. Accepted: 21 February 2020 Published: 3 March 2020 Abstract Though Ghana has made impressive strides in terms of economic growth, poverty reduction and democratic governance, there remains a substantial percentage of the population that still lives in poverty and are vulnerable to a range of economic, social, lifecycle and environmental shocks and risks. Therefore, Ghana rolled out a number of social protection interventions under the National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS) to mitigate the impact of extreme poor and vulnerabilities in society, especially among vulnerable children. The main objective of the study was to examine social protection and children vulnerability in Ghana by employing both qualitative and quantitative methods in achieving the objectives of the study in the Jirapa and Wa Municipalities of the Upper West Region of Ghana. Secondary literature and primary data were combined. The methods for data collection were questionnaire and interviews to generate information from government departments and institutions providing social protectionist services. Results suggest that there is increasing levels of vulnerability and orphanhood in children in the region. However, SP has some improvement in beneficiaries household food consumption, income levels, saving levels, access to healthcare, and school attendance. However, there are institutional challenges that affect the implementation of the SP programme. The study concludes that SP programme contributed to poverty reduction as it enhanced beneficiaries’ living conditions. It is therefore recommended that the Department of Social Welfare (DSW) be strengthened to properly target the real vulnerable children and households in their registration. Funding: This research received no specific funding. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Acknowledgement: The authors would like to thank the University for Development Studies, more especially Professor Agnes A. Apusigah for her contribution to this research. The authors would also like to thank the International Journal of Social Sciences Perspectives editorial board and all persons who in one way or the other contributed to this research. 1. Introduction The subject of social protection throughout the world has gained prominence in the international policy- making and developmental circles over the years. However, the issue of formal state social protection is itself minimal in most developing world, especially Africa. Hence, debates on state social protection have often been fueled mainly by discussions within developing countries where poverty and vulnerability are endemic compared to those of developed countries as observed by Greenblott (2007). According to Handa and Park (2012) the last two decades have witnessed a number of countries in the developing world, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, demonstrating a keen interest in designing and implementing social protection programmes as a strategy for fighting chronic poverty and deprivation. In this regards, the Inter-Agency Task Team (2008) has indicated that there is no single “right” model of social protection and as such, each society must determine how best to ensure the social protection of its members and these choices will reflect a society‟s social and cultural values, its history, the structure and capacity of