8 th International Conference on Mobile e-Services (ICoMeS) – ISBN : 978-2902-43-8 Volume 8– No.1, Oct 2019 – www.icomess.lautech.edu.ng Frequency Reuse Systems In Cellular Networks 1 Nzenwata, J. Uchenna 2 Awodele Oludele Computer Science Department, Computer Science Department, School of Computing and Engineering Studies, School of Computing and Engineering Studies, Babcock University. Babcock University. nzenwatauchennajeremiah@gmail.com awodeleo@babcock.edu.ng ABSTRACT Machine-To- Machine and Internet of Things revolutions with technology geared towards Internet enabled smart devices connections have enhanced the trends of connectivity in cellular network. Thus, there is a high demand for efficient and high speed data applications with quality video streaming and social networking. This challenge brought about advancement in spectral efficiency with the attendant problem in optimization of frequency reuse. Several major cellular wireless communication techniques have been proposed in order to meet these user expectations from analog to digital to hybrid IP based latest generation. This paper describes the network generations with their characteristics and associated problems; and presents a survey of frequency reuse techniques, and how to calculate total number of cells with replacement. Also, it shows the method of locating co-channel cells in a cellular system. The issue of how heterogeneous network deployment based on micro, pico and femtocells can be used to ensure spectrum and energy efficiencies was also discussed. The challenges were identified and adequate solutions to optimization of frequency reuse in a cellular network were proffered. Lastly, some suggestions for future improvements in cellular network to achieve high spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency performance proposed. Key words: Cellular Network, Frequency Reuse, Heterogeneous Network, Energy Efficiency, Spectrum Efficiency, Cloud Computing, M2M, IoT. 1. INTRODUCTION Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) have attracted intense interests from both academia and industry (Peng, Jiang, and Wang, 2014). Demand for high-speed data applications, such as high-quality wireless video streaming, social networking and machine-to-machine communication, has been growing explosively over the past two decades and it is envisioned that asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)-like user experience will be provided in the fifth generation (5G) wireless systems. Devices continue to shrink in size while growing in processing power. Consumers are demanding more advanced and useful applications, hence, there is need for capacity building in wireless communications. Several major cellular wireless communication techniques have been proposed in order to meet these user expectations from analog to digital and then to hybrid IP based latest generation (Khanna, Bengani, and Bhardawai, 2014). The 5G wireless systems imply an average area capacity of 25Gbps/km 2 , which is 100 times higher compared with current fourth generation (4G) systems. A 1000X improvement in the energy efficiency (EE) is anticipated by 2020 to minimize power consumptions. Unfortunately, the cellular network architecture currently in use has been in existence for more than four decades and it was not originally designed for achieving good Energy Efficiency (EE) performances, but for the coverage and mobility consideration. As a result of this, cellular network challenge in relation to frequency reuse, new wireless technology architectures and topology are being proposed. The prominent among such propositions are Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks (H- CRANs), Low Power Nodes (LPNs), spatial interference coordination, coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission and reception, self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing techniques. The coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission and reception is presented as one of the most promising techniques in 4G systems. CoMP has some disadvantages in real networks because its performance gain depends 161