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Comparison of CVT Performance with the Manual and
Automatic Transmission for Evaluation the Fuel
Consumption and Exhaust Emissions
Qahtan Adnan Jawad
1,
*, Abdulbaqi K. Ali
2
1,2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
E-mail address: qahtan.jawad@yahoo.com , abdulbakiuob@yahoo.com
Received: 18 September 2019; Accepted: 18 November 2019; Published: 2 February 2020
Abstract
The Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) is the blends of
the efficiency of a manual transmission with the ease of using
the automatic transmission. Furthermore, the CVT is a
developed technology that has infinite gear ratios with a high
fuel economy and high capabilities of acceleration. In this paper,
a comparative study was performed of the CVT performance
with the manual and automatic transmission for evaluation the
fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in the parallel hybrid
electric vehicle (HEV). In addition, the parallel HEV with the
CVT gearbox is selected from the Advisor software and their
simulation methods, and then replaced with manual and
automatic transmission. Moreover, the pollutants of the
catalytic converter were recorded with all the molecules
reactions of the exhaust emissions. The performance evaluation
of the CVT was conducted by using the different worldwide
standard driving cycles to simulate driving conditions and
evaluation the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The
CVT gearbox produced the best performance results in fuel
economy with a marked reduction in exhaust emissions
compared with some of the results obtained from the manual
and automatic transmission due to the high efficiency of
controlling speed ratio, in addition to the great effect in the
performance than other transmissions. Finally, the CVT
gearbox is considered as a favorite in travel inside the cities for
the hybrid vehicle, due to a little fuel consumption and high
efficiency of controlling variant speed ratio.
© 2020 The Authors. Published by the University of Basrah. Open-access
article.
Keywords: CVT Gearbox, Automated Manual Transmission,
Automatic Transmission, Parallel HEV, Fuel Consumption, Exhaust
Emissions.
1. Introduction
A continuous variable transmission (CVT) has a
continuously variable reduction ratio within a certain range,
and providing an infinite number of gear ratios. Accordingly,
the engine operates at the most economical conditions over a
wide range of vehicle speeds [1]. Furthermore, many types of
CVTs were developed, which have a high efficiency and
presented better performance than other common
transmissions. Generally, the CVTs have two pulleys the
major and minor with a variable radius to transmit the power
and have the combination of the chain or metal belt but they
are not as widely used as a belt and chain CVTs. The two
pulleys each including a pair of pulleys, one of which is fixed
and the other is moved axially. In addition, to achieve better
speed regulation, the effective radius of the major pulleys is
reduced and increasing the radius of the minor pulleys or vice
versa [2].
Therefore, several researchers are working to develop the
CVT for using the features of CVT in all the vehicles.
Where, Jian and Chau [3] in 2009, they proposed a novel
Electronic-Continuously Variable Transmission (E-CVT)
propulsion system using coaxial magnetic gearing. This
propulsion system can achieve optimal fuel economy with
minimum exhaust emission in addition to a good propulsion
performance. The coaxial magnetic gears present a non-
contact transmission torque, which overcoming of audible
noise aroused from the mechanical planetary gears and low
transmission efficiency. Finally, the operation modes were
discussed and analyzed for the proposed system.
Dragos et al. [4] in 2010, they presented the driving cycle
model and control strategy of two types of transmission
systems in vehicular with the continuously variable
transmission. In addition, the CVT presents a continuous of
infinitely variable gear ratios compared with the automatic
transmission, which has five gear ratios. Finally, the
simulation results are presented for five driving cycles to
validate testing the developed control strategy for one driving
cycle.
Naderi et al. [5] in 2011, they presented a new fuzzy logic
controller to promote the control speed of CVTs in vehicles.
The simulation results of the controller demonstrate a low
power consumption and root mean square error of output
surface compared with results obtained from MATLAB.
Hofman et al. [6] in 2012, they compared the moderate
efficiency CVT push-belt with high efficiency automated
manual transmission (AMT). In addition, the results showed
that a significantly improving CO2 emission reduction of the
switching topology, particularly for the hybrid electric
vehicles that is depending on CVT. Furthermore, improving
the relative CO2 emission reduction by selecting the optimal
fixed topology.
ISSN (Online): 23118385, ISSN (Print): 18146120
Basrah Journal for Engineering Sciences
Journal homepage: www.bjes.edu.iq
Basrah Journal for Engineering Sciences, Vol. 20, No. 1, (2020), 15-22