International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 3, March-2019 250 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org A Light Tracking Automated Guided Vehicle for Oil Pipeline Leakage Detection Nkolika O. Nwazor, Romanus Obagidi, Abstract— Leakages occur in oil pipelines due to several causes, e.g, weathering of the pipeline material, pipeline vandalism, etc. Tracking a leakage in an oil pipeline can be very cumbersome and unfruitful if carried out manually. An Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is a set of cooperative driverless vehicle, used on manufacturing floor and coordinated by a centralized or distributed computer-based control system. AGVs-based Material Handling Systems (MHSs) are widely used in several Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) installations. In this research work, an AGV with the ability to sense light and track it, then convey the GPS location of the light (which represents a leakage in the pipeline) as a Google maps link to a registered mobile number was designed and con- sttructed. The microcontroller that is being employed to attain this objective is the Arduino Uno, which houses the Atmega328 microprocessor as its brain box. The AGV is able to avoid obstacles by using the principle of sonar location, i.e. using ultrasonic (sound which cannot be heard by the human ears) to determine the distance of an object or obstacle near it. The AGV is made to sense light using Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) mounted at the left, right and in front of it. Low cost Global PositioningSystem, GPS and Global System for mobile communication, GSM modules have been used to get the location and send text mes- sages. Index Terms— Automated guided vehicle, pipeline, leakage, detection, automation, material handling systems, GPS. ——————————  —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION HE creations of Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) have been around since the 1950’s and the technology was first developed by Barret Electronics from Grand Rapids, Michigan. It was then developed by the Europeans in the 1970’s and nowadays AGVs can be found in any countries. One of the first AGVs was a towing vehicle that pulled a series of trailers between two points, and today’s there are many task given to AGVs and they also have their own name and potentials. Considering the full potentials and advantages of the Au- tomated Guided Vehicle (AGV) in our livings, it is valuable to do this project, as it also will be the first step towards the creation of more intelligent technology or system. The sim- plest AGV model may use just a sensor to provide its navi- gation and can be the complex one with more sensors and advance systems to do the task. They can work or do the task everywhere needed but the safety for the AGV as well as the people and environment surround it must be pro- vided. The AGVs is just the same as mobile robot, which can move from one place to another to do their task, which in this project is to sense light and report its gps coordinates through gsm; but mostly the mobile robot is used for diffi- cult task with dangerous environment such as bomb defus- ing. Furthermore, the mobile robot can be categorized into wheeled, tracked, or legged robot. Although the AGVs may not be glamorous of robots, but their work, which usually menial, are often be essential to the smooth running of fac- tories, offices, hospitals, and even houses. They can work without any complaint around many workplaces all over the world. An automated guided vehicle or automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is a mobile robot that follows markers or wires in the floor, or uses vision or lasers, or LDRs as a means of vision. They are most often used in industrial applications to move materials around a manufacturing facility or a warehouse or in pipelines for detecting leakages. Automated guided vehicles increase efficiency and reduce costs by helping to automate a manufacturing facility, warehouse, or surveillance and tracking applications. The AGV can tow objects behind them in trailers to which they can autonomously attach. The trailers can be used to move raw materials or finished product. The AGV can also store objects on a bed. The objects can be placed on a set of con- veyor and then pushed off by reversing them. Some AGVs use fork lifts to lift objects for storage. AGVs are employed in nearly every industry, including, pulp, paper, metals, newspaper, and general manufacturing. Transporting ma- terials such as food, linen or medicine in hospitals is also done. An AGV can also be called a laser guided vehicle (LGV) or self-guided vehicle (SGV). Lower cost versions of AGVs are often called Automated Guided Carts (AGCs) and are usu- ally guided by magnetic tape. AGCs are available in a vari- ety of models and can be used to move products on an as- sembly line, transport goods throughout a plant or ware- house, and deliver loads to and from stretch wrappers and roller conveyors. AGV applications are seemingly endless. The Aim of the project is to design and fabricate such an AGV which tracks light which are present in pipeline that have leakages, and report the gps coordinates of the exact location which the light was detected to a mobile number through GSM.. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The first big development for the AGV industry was the introduction of a unit load vehicle in the mid-1970s. This unit load AGVs gained widespread acceptance in the mate- rial handling marketplace because of their ability to serve T IJSER