1 The first Cittuppāda of the Dhammasaṅgaṇī Giuliano Giustarini, Mahidol University Material for the course on Abhidhamma Studies at Mahidol University, International PhD Program in Buddhist Studies. First recitation (Paṭhamabhāṇavāra) (1) Which are the wholesome dhammas? On any occasion a wholesome mind-set (citta) 1 has arisen in regard with the field of sense- pleasures (kāmāvacara), accompanied with mental happiness, associated with awareness, concerning with (ārabbha) a [visual] form-object, or a sound-object, or a smell-object, or a taste object, or a tangible object, or a [mental] quality-object (dhammārammaṇa, see Dhs-a 71), or anything else (yaṃ yaṃ vā), on that occasion there is contact, feeling, cognition, intention, mind, applied thought/attention (vitakka), sustained attention/reflection (vicāra), bliss, happiness, one- pointedness of the mind, the faculty of faith, the faculty of effort, the faculty of mindfulness, the faculty of concentration, the faculty of deep understanding, the mental faculty, the faculty of mental happiness, the faculty of life, and there is right view, right purpose, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration, the power of faith, the power of effort, the power of mindfulness, the power of concentration, the power of wisdom, the power of shame (scrupulousness), the power of remorse, there is absence of greed, absence of hatred, absence of delusion, absence of craving/covetousness, absence of aversion, there is right view, shame, remorse, there is relaxation of the body, relaxation of the mind, lightness of the body (kāyalahutā), lightness of the 1 See Harvey 1995: 115-6. The Aṭṭhasālinī compares the association between citta and the qualities listed as the relationship of a king with his attendants (Dhs-a CST4 210 ff., PTS 91 ff.). The gloss also describes citta by the same wording employed in the Suttapiṭaka Suttas (i.e. the leader, the forerunner, pubbaṅgama, of all the dhammas - A CST4 I.10 ff., Dhp 1-2).