Nascent Republican Theory in Milton's Regicide Prose
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Subscriber: University of Notre Dame; date: 25 March 2020
Print Publication Date: Nov 2012 Subject: Literature, Literary Studies - 1500 to 1700
Online Publication Date: Jan 2013 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560608.013.0017
Nascent Republican Theory in Milton's Regicide Prose
Stephen M. Fallon
The Oxford Handbook of Literature and the English Revolution
Edited by Laura Lunger Knoppers
Abstract and Keywords
This article examines John Milton's political prose, which reflects the ideological turbu
lence and paradoxes of nascent English republicanism. As the ascendant Independent
party moved toward and through the cataclysmic events of 1649 without a fully realized
political programme, Milton like others was obliged to keep pace with events by cobbling
a set of intuitions and nascent principles into a coherent and explicitly anti-monarchic po
litical theory. This process can be traced in Milton's 1649 prose: The Tenure of Kings and
Magistrates, Observations upon the Articles of Peace, and Eikonoklastes. While the three
works are similar in their arguments, both explicit and implicit, they differ in rhetorical
context and, as a result, in style. They follow a trajectory from self-generated essay to ani
madversion, or point-by-point refutation of an opponent.
Keywords: John Milton, English Revolution, political prose, republicanism, anti-monarchic political theory
THE beheading of King Charles I on 30 January 1649 was a defining moment for the Eng
lish Revolution and for John Milton. Milton's writings defending the regicide would fulfil
an ambition he had once thought to reach by his poetry—international fame. In Milton's
political prose, one can witness the ideological turbulence and paradoxes of nascent Eng
lish republicanism. The ascendant Independent party moved toward and through the cat
aclysmic events of 1649 without a fully realized political programme, and Milton like oth
ers was obliged to keep pace with events by cobbling a set of intuitions and nascent prin
ciples into a coherent and explicitly anti‐monarchic political theory. One can trace this
process in Milton's 1649 prose: The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, Observations upon
the Articles of Peace, and Eikonoklastes.
Although, as we shall see, the three works have much in common in their arguments,
both explicit and implicit, they differ in rhetorical context and, as a result, in style. They
follow a trajectory from self‐generated essay to animadversion, or point‐by‐point refuta
tion of an opponent. As the Tenure is succeeded by Eikonoklastes, which answers Charles
I's Eikon Basilike nearly line by line, so Milton's first anti‐prelatical tract, Of Reformation,
had preceded his more vitriolic Animadversions on the Remonstrants Complaint against