Proc. of the 4rth International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET) 10-12 September 2018, Islamabad, Pakistan 978-1-5386-7027-9/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB): A Case Study of Net Zero Energy Home in Pakistan Muhammad Irfan 1 , Naeem Abas *2 , Muhammad Shoaib Saleem 3 1,2 Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat campus, Gujrat, Pakistan 1 m.irfan795@yahoo.com 2* naeemkalair@uog.edu.pk 3 Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Sialkot campus, Pakistan 3 muhammad.shoaib@skt.umt.edu.pk second.com Abstract— The common issue all the nations facing these days is the climate change. The entropy of the environment is increasing with the passage of time which affects the ozone layer and increases the global warming potential. The change in climate is mainly due to the emission of Green-House Gases (GHGs) which are produces from emission of gases and use of fossil fuels for generation of electricity in Pakistan. Most of the energy is used in commercial buildings as well as in residential buildings. It is the requirement of the hour that buildings are constructed in such a way that they consume lesser amount of energy due to efficient design and generate on-site energy for own utilization as well as to export extra energy to the utility. These Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) use energy from utility only when these sources are unavailable. NZEB play a vital role for sustainable energy utilization, energy security and being environment friendly. This paper gives a comparative analysis of electricity consumption in a conventional building and a NZEB. The concept of smart metering is also used to analyze the advantages of NZEB. Keywords— entropy, greenhouse gas, net zero energy buildings, sustainable energy, energy security. I. Introduction The crucial need of life is energy and it is basic element to boost up the economy of a country. Pakistan is facing severe shortage of energy, depending upon the foreign energy sources although it is rich in renewable energy sources [1]. In 1947, Pakistan had only 60MW of energy at the time of dependence. In the beginning the energy sector of Pakistan had made some remarkable growth but this progress would not continue in positive manners [2]. Pakistan is heavily populated and underdeveloped country and it needs a critical revolution in education sector [3]–[5]. To keep the Pakistan on progressive path and give its citizens the standard lives, the country requires the constant source of energy. On the other hand, the country is facing a severe energy crisis and incapable to accomplish the requirements of domestic energy [6]–[10]. There is a huge electricity outage in the country. The country is thrown into darkness by the electricity shortage for more than 10 to 12 hours a day. This demand supply gap is not suddenly appeared. The main causes of this tragedy are inattentiveness, poor planning and negligence [11]. For the growth of industry and the socioeconomic progress of a country, the electricity is very important as a backbone. Worldwide the production of electricity is increasing due to the fast growth in inhabitants and the use of modern technology in every field of life [12]. Pakistan mainly depends on the fossil fuels (natural gas and imported oil) to generate electricity. The global warming and air pollution are increasing day by day due to the use of these fossil fuels in the thermal power plants [6]. This imported oil is a burden on the economy of a country. Pakistan has huge renewable energy sources (solar, wind, biomass etc.) to generate electricity [13]. Advances in solar, wind and wave energy technologies have reduced renewable, and alternative energy sources cost as compared with fossil fuels [14]. The practical proof of a country is its per capita consumption of energy which tells about the standards of living of its people. The residential or commercial buildings consume a large amount of energy in the scenario of total energy consumption. In this way the energy consumption plays a vital role in climate change, which cannot be controlled by using less energy. Nevertheless a method called NZEB, should be adopted to overcome this problem [15]. The best option is NZEB because these buildings are linkage of efficient technology of energy and renewable energy exploitation. The policy makers and concerns focus on NZEB because these are energy efficient and environmentally welcoming. These buildings can store energy and sell the excess energy to the national grid or nearby building by smart grids and smart metering [16]. In a NZEB the energy used by it totally depends on RES (Renewable Energy Sources), which is created from wind, geothermal or solar etc. It means that the energy consumption in a NZEB is zero logically. The NZEB does not increases the GHG in the atmosphere and not responsible for climate change. These buildings take some amount or total amount of energy from grid and return the energy to the grid at the other time. Some buildings produce extra energy throughout the year is called “energy- plus buildings.” The concept of zero energy is that the energy produces and remains conserved [16]. The construction of NZEB is very important because the energy demand and pollution are increasing day by day. Any individual can easily implement the NZEB because there is no political risk to do that. In Pakistan, there is a huge potential of wind and solar energy. Wind may not be available throughout the country, but solar energy is abundantly available. In this paper, solar energy is utilized to make the buildings energy efficient. In Pakistan solar systems in use are not cost effective and energy efficient. As solar systems have a high capital cost but electricity generation is almost free from it because there