IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 19, Issue 3 Ser.13 (March. 2020), PP 23-28 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1903132328 www.iosrjournal 23 | Page Ocular Ultrasound for Evaluation of Eye Diseases among Hypertensive Patients with long term of Diabetes Safaa Bashir 1 , Mohamed Yousef 1, 2 , Awadalla Wagealla 3 , Mona Mohamed 1 , Asma Elamin 1 , Salah Elbager 3 , Abderahim Rabih 1 , Amnah Mokhtar 1 1College of Medical Radiological Sciences, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan 2Radiologic Sciences Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 3Al-Ghad International College of Applied Medical Science, Medical Imaging Technology Department, Abha, Saudi Arabia Abstract: Hypertension and diabetes are becoming increasingly common. Hypertension occurs more commonly in diabetics than in comparable nondiabetics. Point-of-Care Ultrasonography to accurately identify retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and vitreous detachment. (1), (2) The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the eye diseases among hypertensive patients with long term of diabetic using ocular ultrasound. A total of 184 patients attended eye department for either routine checkup or referred by physicians for ocular ultrasound (US) between 2016 and 2019, 106 males and 78 females, aged ranged between 37 and 77 years (mean age ± SD, 63.7 ± 7.7 years) with history of both diabetic mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) were enrolled in this prospective study. The inclusion criteria included; all hypertensive patients associated with long diabetes duration more than 10 years. A Nidek (Echoscan US – 4000) B- Scan ultrasonic unit with high frequency 10 MHZ transducer was used. A direct contact technique was applied. Initial examinations were done under high gain (80 dB to 100 dB) and low gain (60 dB to 70 dB).The current study found that the most affected age group was (50-59)years old involved 100 patients 97% of them showed abnormal sonographic findings followed by group (50-59) years old involved 52 patients. The most common disorder was retinal detachment which was detected in 64.1% (n = 118) followed by Vitreous Hemorrhage in22.8% (n = 42). The study concluded that the incidence of eye diseases among hypertensive patients with long term of diabetes was high. Tentatively this results require supportive studies but no need for additional correlation imaging examinations unless for differential diagnosis. Keywords: eye diseases, ocular ultrasound, diabetes hypertension. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 12-03-2020 Date of Acceptance: 27-03-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction Hypertension and diabetes are becoming increasingly common. Hypertension occurs more commonly in diabetics than in comparable nondiabetics. Hypertension (defined as a blood pressure [BP] ≥140/90 mmHg) affects 20 to 60% of patients with diabetes (1) . Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. Blood glucose is your main source of energy and comes from the food you eat. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose from food get into your cells to be used for energy. Sometimes your body doesn’t make enough—or any—insulin or doesn’t use insulin well. Glucose then stays in your blood and doesn’t reach your cells. Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause health problems. Although diabetes has no cure, you can take steps to manage your diabetes and stay healthy. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin. Your immune system attacks and destroys the cells in your pancreas that make insulin. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, although it can appear at any age. People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day to stay alive. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body does not make or use insulin well. You can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. However, this type of diabetes occurs most often in middle-aged and older people. Type 2 is the most common type of diabetes. (3) Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the body’s arteries, the major blood vessels in the body. Hypertension is when blood pressure is too high. Blood pressure is written as two numbers. The first (systolic) number represents the pressure in blood vessels when the heart contracts or beats. The second (diastolic) number represents the pressure in the vessels when the heart rests between beats. Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days is ≥140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days is ≥90 mmHg. (4) Ultrasonography is readily available, simple, cost effective, non ionizing, non invasive and a