March 2020 · Volume 9 · Issue 3 Page 991 International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Trivedi S et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Mar;9(3):991-996 www.ijrcog.org pISSN 2320-1770 | eISSN 2320-1789 Original Research Article Feto-maternal outcome in human immunodeficiency virus seropositive mothers in co-relation with CD4 count Swati Trivedi 1 *, Oby Nagar 1 , Prasoon Rastogi 2 , Manish Bhardwaj 1 INTRODUCTION The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection; later acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in which progressive failure of immune system allows life threatening opportunistic infections and cancers. Without treatment average survival time after infection with HIV is 9-11 years. HIV is a parenterally transmitted infection and occurs by contact with or transfer of blood, pre-ejaculate, semen and vaginal fluids. Nonsexual transmission can occur from an infected mother to her infant through breast milk or during pregnancy or childbirth due to exposure to her blood or vaginal fluid. According to WHO, since the beginning of epidemic, 75 million people have been infected with HIV virus and about 32 million people have died of HIV. 1 India had the 3 rd largest pool of HIV cases in the world. As per the recently released, India HIV Estimation 2017 report, National adult (15-49 years) HIV prevalence in India is estimated at 0.22% (0.16%-0.30%) in 2017 with a prevalence of 0.25% (0.18- 0.34) among males and 0.19% (0.14-0.25) among females. The adult HIV prevalence at national level has continued its steady decline from an estimated peak of 0.38% in 2001-03 to 0.22% in 2017. Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS in India is 2.11 million with 0.29% being antenatal clinic attendees. India is estimated to have had 22.67 (10.92-40.60) thousand HIV positive women who gave birth in 2017. 2-4 METHODS This was comparative study, designed prospectively with the study population of HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative pregnant women attending ANC and ABSTRACT Background: To study the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on pregnancy outcomes and new born as mother to child transmission of HIV is a major route on new infections in children and compare it with HIV uninfected pregnancies. Methods: Prospective comparative study conducted on 40 HIV seropositive and 40 HIV seronegative pregnant women attending ANC and delivering in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Results: CD4 count had no effect on birth weight of baby or term of delivery. HIV seropositive pregnancies were more prone to IUD, still birth and preterm birth (p=0.029). Mother to child transmission was 2.7%. Conclusions: HIV infection increases the risk of adverse foetal outcome in terms of intrauterine demise, still birth and preterm labour. Keywords: Adverse foetal outcomes, CD4 count, Human immunodeficiency virus, Mother to child transmission 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2 Department of Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Received: 05 January 2020 Accepted: 05 February 2020 *Correspondence: Dr. Swati Trivedi, E-mail: krishnaagnihotri.kgmc@gmail.com Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200862