Novel multifunctional of magnesium ions (Mg þþ ) incorporated calcium phosphate nanostructures K. Thanigai Arul a, ** , M. Ramesh b, *** , C. Chennakesavan c , V. Karthikeyan c , E. Manikandan d, e, * , A. Umar f , M. Maaza e , M. Henini g a Dept. of Physics, AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai, 603112, TN, India b Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, TN, India c Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (Marine), AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai, 603112, TN, India d Dept. of Physics, TVUCAS Campus, Thennangur, 604408, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, TN, India e UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences-Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Muckleneuk Ridge, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa f Dept. of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices, Najran University, PO Box 1988, Najran,11001, Saudi Arabia g School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom article info Article history: Received 28 June 2017 Received in revised form 20 September 2017 Accepted 23 September 2017 Available online 28 September 2017 Keywords: Biomaterials HydroxyApatite Metal-ions Drug release Electrochemical studies Supercapacitor abstract Magnesium ions incorporated calcium phosphate was synthesized by wet chemical route and followed by microwave assisted method. XRD analysis was confirmed that the presence of calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite). TEM analysis was exhibited rod-like morphology. XRF results were showed the per- centage of calcium, phosphate, magnesium and oxygen. There was a slight blue shift observed in mag- nesium ions based samples. Higher magnesium (0.1 Mg-HAp) was revealed the greater discharging time with capacitance voltage (0.55 V). Magnesium based calcium phosphate was showed prolonged rate of drug release. At higher frequency, the Nyquist plot was showed the electrochemical behavior, however at lower frequency, revealed mass transfer process. Magnesium ions tailor the specific capacitance of cal- cium phosphate. Therefore, magnesium ions based phosphate samples could be an outstanding multi- functional candidate for drug release and supercapacitor applications. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Calcium phosphate (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAp) based bioceramics most often employed for bone and dental applications. HAp has been extensively employed for bone and dental replacement and also in drug delivery system. It reveals high osteoconductivity and osteoinduction when implanted in the human body [1]. Hydroxy- apatite (HAp) is a dielectric material along with piezoelectric behavior. Moreover, it can also be used for gas sensing, chromato- graphic agent etc. HAp solubility was varied by addition of different metal ions incorporation (Na þ , Mg 2þ , Ba 2þ , Sr 2þ etc.). Among the metal ions, magnesium ions play an important role for formation of HAp [2]. Metal ion (magnesium) incorporation in calcium phos- phate used for UV light emitting applications [3]. Nowadays, for enhancing energy and power demands, supercapacitor is playing crucial role. Supercapacitor is a latest generation of electronic tool to develop battery and capacitor performance in terms of power and energy density respectively. Supercapacitors are also known as electrochemical capacitors due to their superior rapid charge/ discharge, long-term cycling stability [4]. Metal oxide (Mn 3 O 4 , RuO 2 , NiO etc) based materials possess higher specific capacitance with lower stability [5,6]. Transition metal phosphates contain ammonium transition metal phosphates have been examined and used in many fields [7,23e33]. Microwave assisted one-pot oil-in-water emulsion technique for the synthesis of mesoporous Ni x Co 3-x (PO 4 ) 2 hollow shell for supercapacitor ap- plications [8]. Supercapacitor stored and discharge electrical energy * Corresponding author. Dept. of Physics, TVUCAS Campus, Thennangur, 604408, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, TN, India. ** Corresponding author. *** Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: thanigaiarul.k@gmail.com (K.T. Arul), rameshpondi108@ gmail.com (M. Ramesh), maniphysics@gmail.com (E. Manikandan). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Alloys and Compounds journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jalcom https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.254 0925-8388/© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 730 (2018) 31e35