International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426 Volume 9 Issue 2, February 2020 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Development and Simulation of a Low Cost Closed Thermal System to Generate Thermal Cycles through PID Control and IoT Applications Ittalo Pezzotti 1, 2 , Alexander Saldarriaga 2 , Marco Moscatelli 1 , Alessandro Orro 1 , Matteo Gnocchi 1 , Luciano Milanesi 1 1 National Research Council- Institute of Biomedical Technologies Physics School, National University of Colombia at Medellin, Street 59A # 63-20 2 Physics School, National University of Colombia at Medellin, Street 59A # 63-20 3, 4 5, 6 National Research Council- Institute of biomedical technologies Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the development of a multi-purpose device that enables the variation of temperature in a closed chamber with known volume. This system will allow students, researchers and engineers to acquire accurate data and process them in different applications where temperature control is relevant, for example bacterial growth, conservation of biological material, dry air sterilization and other laboratory process. The proposed approach applies proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control loop mechanism, which is widely used in laboratory equipment and industrial control systems. The difference with other systems is, that the one presented here, can be customized using inexpensive components including hybrid digital electronic and analogue actuators. These components can be arranged in different configurations according with a specific need or process. A thermal model was developed taking into account losses and disturbances, and the mathematical model was formulated by finding three different transfer functions for three temperature zones. The first zone covers the range from ambient temperature to 60° C with an actuator (Rb), another actuator for the range from 60°C to 200°C (Ra) and the third actuator (Rc) that covers the range from 0 to -13°C. The data is acquired using an Internet Of Things (IoT) platform. Keywords: PID controller, sensors, temperature, electronic instruments, environmental, IOT 1. Introduction The need to design and build closed systems or systems with external disturbances in the study of temperature is very important in experimentation and present on a daily basis [1]. The effect of temperature is of great importance for human beings, oceans[2], flora and fauna, because every increase or lowering in temperature creates considerable fluctuations in their balance [3]. Closed chamber systems, with the ability to measure and control temperature, has become an indispensable research tool temperature dependent applications [4]. Its supervision allows the creation of models [5], experiments, applications and the development of devices and projects [6]. However, these systems should be inexpensive in order to be affordable by students, researchers, engineers or small experimentation groups. They also need to be scalable, with low energy consumption, versatile and customizable. To achieve this, several features need to be taken into account during the design phase, for instance, cost, accuracy, manufacturability, modularity (the capacity to add sensors and devices) and the type of experimentation (biological, chemical or physical). These technologies have a wide range of applications, for example experimentation in the drying process of agricultural products [7], fruit dehydration, agriculture in small-scale greenhouses [8] and aeroponics. The total cost of the device is approximately one hundred euros in the case of a construction with brand new components. It is possible to use some reused or second- hand parts, decreasing the cost of the device. The main idea of this project is to generate a temperature gradient, between -10 ° C and 200 ° C, without affecting the integrity of the device [9], allowing to add different configurations of sensors and actuators depending on the temperature range, in order to adapts to different applications, such as cell cultures, tissue engineering or bacterial growth in biomedical applications. It is necessary to indicate that this system is equipped with devices not only to measure the internal chamber temperature but also with heating elements needed to raise the temperature up to 400°C if the container material allows it, and also with cooling elements that allows to lower the temperature to -13°C. Many industrial and productive processes use controlled temperature chambers, for example, food drying [10]. However, it is often not possible to study what is inside the drying chamber during the process, without samples. The versatility of the equipment allows its use as a reflow oven for the construction of electronic circuits by means of the surface mount soldering technique (SMD), thanks to the fact that the high-power heating element can generate the temperature of 350°C necessary for this process. The system also has applications in the thermal treatment of small components or materials in electronics or nanotechnology applications [11]. However, the chamber material should be compatible with the maximum temperature needed in the specific process or heat treatment. For example, the tests carried out on the plastic container showed that that it is possible to reach a temperature of 200 °C without permanent deformation. Paper ID: ART20201319 DOI: 10.21275/ART20201319 1670