Research Article Epilepsy Treatment Outcome and Its Predictors among Ambulatory Patients with Epilepsy at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia Ameha Zewudie , 1 Yitagesu Mamo , 1 Desalegn Feyissa , 1 Mohammed Yimam , 1 Gosaye Mekonen , 2 and Ahmed Abdela 3 1 Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia 2 Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia 3 Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Bule-Hora University, Bule-Hora, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Ameha Zewudie; amehazewudie@gmail.com Received 16 December 2019; Revised 24 February 2020; Accepted 11 March 2020; Published 8 April 2020 Academic Editor: Vincenzo Di Lazzaro Copyright © 2020 Ameha Zewudie et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Epilepsy is among the most common neurological disorders which is highly treatable with currently available antiepileptic drugs at a reasonable price. In Ethiopia, despite a number of studies revealed high prevalence of epilepsy, little is known on predictors of poorly controlled seizures. us, the aim of this study was to assess epilepsy treatment outcome and its predictors among patients with epilepsy on follow-up at the ambulatory care unit of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving patient interview and chart review was conducted from March 10 to April 10, 2018. Drug use patterns and sociodemographic data of the study participants were accustomed to descriptive statistics. Backward logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of poor seizure control. Statistical significance was considered at p value <0.05. Results. From a total of 143 studied patients with epilepsy, 60.8% had uncontrolled seizures. Monotherapy (79%) was commonly used for the treatment of seizures, of which phenobarbital was the most commonly utilized single anticonvulsant drug (62.9%). e majority (72.7%) of the patients had developed one or more antiepileptic-related adverse effects. Medium medication adherence (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) � 5.4; 95% CI � 1.52–19.23; p � 0.009), poor med- ication adherence (AOR � 8.16; 95% CI � 3.04–21.90; p � 0.001), head injury before seizure occurrence (AOR � 4.9; 95% CI � 1.25–19.27; p � 0.02), and seizure attacks ≥4 episodes/week before AEDs initiation (AOR � 8.52; % CI � 2.41–13.45; p � 0.001) were the predictors of uncontrolled seizure. Conclusions. Based on our findings, more than half of the patients with epilepsy had poorly controlled seizures. Nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs, high frequency of seizure attack before AEDs initiation, and history of a head injury before the occurrence of seizure were predictors of uncontrolled seizure. Patient medication adherence should be increased by the free access of antiepileptic drugs and attention should be given for the patients with a history of head injury and high frequency of seizure attacks before AEDs initiation. 1. Background Epilepsy is a noncommunicable disease of the brain that affects all communities with unequal distribution. About 10% of the entire world population living a normal life span can expect to have at least one epileptic seizure. ere are about 65 million patients with epilepsy worldwide, of whom 80% are living in developing countries [1]. is could be underestimated because partial seizures are often under- diagnosed in the less developed world. If these patients have been treated appropriately with AEDs, 70% of them could be seizure-free [1, 2]. About 90% of people with epilepsy in Africa were un- treated despite the fact that highly cost-effective treatments were available [3]. Although currently available therapies with AEDs can effectively treat the majority of newly Hindawi Neurology Research International Volume 2020, Article ID 8109858, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8109858