Original Water Supply and Heating Systems in a 14 th Century Bath: Çukur Hamam in Manisa, Turkey A. Temizsoy (1), S. Esen (2), K. Şahlan (3), N. Tunç (4), S. Telatar (5) tarzu@arch.metu.edu.tr sibesen@ttnet.net.tr kevserceltik@yahoo.com nurgultunc@yahoo.com telatars@yahoo.com Department of Restoration, Faculty of Architecture, M.E.T.U, Ankara, Turkey Abstract Today historic baths deserve more detailed research on the characteristics of their water supply and heating systems in terms of efficiency, sustainability, economy and capacity. In this paper, to discuss these characteristics, the original water supply, surface-water discharge and heating systems of “Çukur Hamam” in Manisa (Turkey) are examined in a limited extent. Çukur Hamam, dated to the 14 th century, represents the general characteristics of its period, whereas the water supply system providing natural pressure by arranging various levels remains as a unique example. In this presentation, design principles, architectural elements and their construction techniques will be discussed with special references to water supply, surface-water discharge and heating systems. Keywords Çukur Hamam; water supply system; surface-water discharge system; heating system; su haznesi; künk; kurna; tüteklik. 1 Introduction The bath tradition in Anatolia extends far back to antiquity. When the Turks arrived in Anatolia, they were confronted with the bathing tradition of Romans and Byzantines. They were inspired by and preferred to build on existing cultural, architectural, technological patrimony and achieved a unique synthesis by adding their own bathing tradition, which had its shape according to Muslim concern for cleanliness and for water usage. This synthesis is known as Turkish bath or so called Hamam. The architectural and technological features of hamams are closely interrelated, to get optimum use of