Cyber, Intelligence, and Security | Volume 4 | No. 1 | March 2020 131 Cyber and Artificial Intelligence— Technological Trends and National Challenges Liran Antebi and Gil Baram Autonomous systems based on artificial intelligence are playing an increasingly meaningful role in everyday life in a variety of fields, including industry, medicine, the economy, and security. Because they are computerized, these systems are exposed to coding errors, which may lead to incorrect decision making and the execution of unwanted actions. In addition, they are vulnerable to cyberattacks that may harm or completely suspend their activity. This article examines the risks posed to autonomous systems as a component of the arms race among the powers and discusses policy steps to contend with these threats at the national level. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, cyber warfare, national security, arms race Introduction “Artifcial intelligence is the future, not only for Russia, but for all humankind . . . It comes with colossal opportunities, but also threats that are diffcult to predict. Whoever becomes the leader in this sphere will become the ruler of the world.” These were the words of Russia’s President Vladimir Putin in Liran Antebi is a research fellow at INSS, where she directs the research field on advanced technology. She lectures at Ben Gurion University and advises in the field of advanced technologies. Gil Baram is the head of research at the Yuval Ne’eman Workshop for Science, Technology and Security and a research fellow in the Blavatnik Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center at Tel Aviv University.