World Applied Sciences Journal 27 (1): 44-50, 2013
ISSN 1818-4952
© IDOSI Publications, 2013
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.27.01.81115
Corresponding Author: M.A. Kutkat, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre,
Postal Code: 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
44
Molecular Detection of H5N1, H9N2 and Newcastle Disease
Viruses Isolated from Chicken in Mixed Infection in Egypt
Kh. M. ELbayoumi, K.M. Mahgoub, Hoda M. Mekky, Eman R. Hassan,
1 1 1 1
Zeinab M.S. Amin Girh, Asmaa M. Maatouq, Hanaa A. El-Samadony,
1 1 2
Nagwa S. Rabie, M.A.A. Ali and M.A. Kutkat
1 3 1
Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Division,
1
National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Animal Health Research Iinstitute, Giza, Egypt
2
National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
3
Submitted: Nov 18, 2013; Accepted: Dec 1, 2013; Published: Dec 5, 2013
Abstract: Total of 335 fecal and nasal swabs were collected from Broilers, Broiler Breeders, Layers and duck
flocks from farms and backyard in different Provinces in the period from 2011 to the year 2013. All these flocks
had history for previous vaccination against avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses. All samples
were inoculated in 9-day old specific pathogenic free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs through allantoic sac.
Rapid haemagglutination (HA) test was done for detection of haemagglutaning viruses. Results of
Haemagglutination revealed that, 12 (3.6%) out of 335 collected samples were positive by using HA test.
The results revealed that 4 (4.4%) out of 90 broiler samples from Fayoum Governorate were positive by HA test.
One sample (6.6%) out of 15 samples; 2 samples (1.3%) out of 157 samples and 2 (3.4%) out of 58 were positive
by HA test in broiler, breeder and layer flocks respectively from Sharkia Governorate. In Menofia Governorate,
one sample (7.7%) out of 13 from backyard and 2 samples (100%) out of 2 collected from ducks were positive
by HA test. HA positive samples either Newcastle disease and/or avian influenza virus. Results of virus
detection by RT-PCR using F gene primers proved that all isolated viruses were ND negative. Also, the results
of RT-PCR test for H5 and H9 genes proved that AIV H5N1 virus was detected in 8 isolates (66.6%) out of 12
HA positive samples, where 5 samples (41.6%) from Sharkia and 3 samples (25%) from Menofia. Also, AIV H9N2
was detected in 9 isolates (75%) out of 12 HA positive samples, where 5 (41.6%) samples from Sharkia and 4
samples (20%) from Fayoum.
Key words: Influenza Molecular Detection Vaccine Avian Control Newcastle Disease
INTRODUCTION severe economic losses represented as mass loss in
Avian Influenza virus (AIV) has been isolated from production in both table and hatched eggs.
different outbreaks in poultry species causing severe The disease in chicken varied according to strain
economic losses all over the world. First outbreak of avian either low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) as
influenza in Egypt was reported in February 2006, the those contains H9 or H7 antigen or the highly pathogenic
disease infected many poultry farms in more than 18 avian influenza virus (HPAIV) as those contains H5
governorates more rapidly, moreover the virus proved to antigen. Infection with low pathogenic avian influenza
be transmitted from infected birds to human being virus resulting in no detectable signs, decrease in egg
(Zoonotic disease) recording about 18 infected cases at production and or upper respiratory signs [1] more over
the end of 2006 with 10 deaths cases and resulted in if infection with low pathogenic avian influenza
Egyptian poultry flocks as well as sharp reduction in egg