Audience Responses Towards Positive and
Negative Destination Placement in Films: An
Experimental Investigation
Murtaza Hassan Itoo*, Komal Nagar**
Abstract The present study investigated the effects of flm posters with destination marketing content on audiences’ attitude towards
the destination, intention to visit and destination image. The basic assumption was that positive and negative destination placement in flms
of two different attractive tourist destinations could infuence audiences’ attitude towards the destination, intention to visit and destination
image. Using flm posters as experimental stimuli, proposed hypotheses were examined by employing a 2 (destination placement in flms:
positive/negative) × 2 (attractive tourist destination: high/low) factorial design. Results suggest that audiences’ responses towards positive
destination placement in flm facilitated high and favourable attitude towards the destination, visit intention and destination image than
negative destination placement regardless of the type of attractive tourist destination(high/low). Findings of the present study are relevant
for tourism and destination marketers who are constantly searching for a suitable way and medium to place destinations in mass media. The
results also call for more empirical studies within the infuence of flms with negative plots on the depicted destinations, such as their long-
lasting effect on the destination image.
Keywords: Destination Placement in Films, Attractive Tourist Destination, Film Poster, Attitude Towards The Destination, Intention To Visit,
Destination Image
INTRODUCTION
The effects of media in general (Gong and Tung, 2016;
Whang, Yong and Ko, 2016; Kim and Jun, 2016 and
flms in particular (Hudson and Ritchie, 2006; Josiam,
Spears, Pookulangara, Dutta, Kinley and Duncan, 2015;
Loureiro, and de Araujo, 2015; Hudson, Wang, and Gil,
2011) on attitude towards the destination, travel intention
and destination images(Yen and Teng, 2015; Hetland,
Vittersø, Fagermo, Øvervoll, and Dahl, 2016) has been
widely studied and acknowledged. Media such as flms,
television and even print media are incredibly infuential in
promoting and reinforcing images and play asignifcant role
in the image buildingof a tourist destination(Loureiro and de
Araujo, 2015).Therefore, use of such media products builds
an expectation that would be compared to the actual travel
experience (Crouch, Jackson and Thompson, 2005).
The publicity caused by flms, promotional tools of flms and
by the actors can be tremendous (Beeton, 2005). As, people
obtain information from various mass media, including
advertisements, posters, books, (Rodríguez Campo, Fraiz
Brea and Rodríguez-ToubesMuñiz, 2011). Therefore, the
messages produced by the mass media can have a high
degree of market penetration and credibility (Gartner and
Shen, 1992). Images and depictions of destinations made
through media such as literature, cinema, advertisements and
television play a substantial part in infuencing destination
selection (Iwashita, 2006). As a result, flm posters as a
tool of flm promotion can be an effective marketing tool
for destinations. Researchers have asserted that inclusion of
certain types of textual and pictorial content when designing
print advertisements specifcally for tourism products can
have a signifcant impact on the targeted consumer (Walters,
Sparks and Herington, 2007) and promotional tools such
International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Systems
Volume 12 Issue 1 June 2019
ISSN: 0947-6250 (Print)
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® Exclusive Marketing Rights: Publishing India Group
*
Research Scholar, The Business School, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Email: deedmurtaza@gmail.com
**
Assistant Professor, The Business School, University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
Email: komalnagar@rediffmail.com