HAYNES: Proboscidean bone sites (May 2020 DRAFT) Page 1 of 64 Working Draft (5/2020) A Table of Global Proboscidean Sites Which Have Been Interpreted as Killed/Butchered/Scavenged by Hominins Gary Haynes Department of Anthropology University of Nevada, Reno This Table lists ~150 late Quaternary proboscidean sites that have certain or possible traces of hominin utilization, specifically evidence for killing, scavenging, and butchering, and a sample of references. The sites are arranged by world landmasses. This list is far from complete. New sites are introduced in the literature regularly at conferences and in refereed and unrefereed publications. A large number of proboscidean sites have been put forward as examples of hominin killing, scavenging, and butchering, but some claims are ambiguous or have been proven wrong. A few of the dubious sites are included in the Table. An African example is the Mwanganda’s Village elephant, once described as a Middle Paleolithic kill site with lithics, but the lithics actually may not be associated with the fauna (Wright et al. 2014). A European example of a contested claim in the Table is the Perdikas (Greece) Archidiskodon meridionalis bones found with “about 30 [lithic] tools” (Poulianos 1981: 288) which was dated >3.3 MA, an age doubted by some archeologists. Three North American examples of materials with ambiguous evidence in the Table are Selby (CO, USA) (Stanford 1979, 1983), where unabraded and spirally fractured mammoth bones were found in a late Glacial gleysol with no associated lithic artifacts or identified tool marks, and Lamb Spring (CO, USA) (Stanford et al. 1981b; Rancier et al. 1982), where fragmented mammoth bones dated to the late Pleistocene were found associated with