LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS Tamariska Ribka FHUI 2017 SAP – 1 INTRODUCTION Definition of HAM based on LAW NO 39 YEAR 1999 is as a grace from God that’s melekat pada hakikat dan keberadaan manusia sebagai creation of God, this means that HAM is universal, it belongs to all human despite their race, language, culture, and citizenship. It’s also inalienable (tidak dapat dicabut). Gagasan mengenai HAM awalnya bersumber dari natural rights theory yang dipaparkan oleh Thomas Aquinas. This definition differs from declaration of human rights where human rights is seen as something sourced from value and dignity of human beings, that works as a foundation towards peace, freedom, and justice which are the focus of United Nations in which they believe will happen when human rights is fulfilled. In law 39/1999, human rights have specified enforcement which are nation, law, and every people. This specified enforcement is not stated in declaration of human rights. Law 39/1999 also specified the purpose of human rights is to protect the value and dignity of every human beings. Universal Declaration of HR (1948) states HR as equal rights that cannot be taken away which are owned by every single person. à UDHR became the point where effectiveness of human rights began. It works as minimal condition of a dignified life. Characteristic of Human Rights: - Internationally guaranteed - Protected by the law - Value and dignity of human beings as their center of gravity - Responsibilities are set on the nation and its organizer - Protect both individuals and groups - Equals and inter-dependent (ex, social- economy-culture are equals, dependent, and together) - Universal HAM universal à konsep2 ham yang disepakati oleh seluruh dunia, yang digunakan sebagai guidelines HAM particular à konsep2 ham yang dalam praktiknya berlaku di masing-masing negara, dimana telah dimodifikasi so that it suited the said nations’s characteristic (ingat, hukum bersumber dari kebudayaan, dan kebudayaan masing- masing masyarakat berbeda-beda). HAM particular ini memungkinkan sebuah negara tidak mengimplementasi beberapa hak2 tertentu. Hak ini juga diakui di seluruh dunia. Responsibility includes TO CREATE and TO FOLLOW UP (art. 72 uu 32/1999), it’s not just NATO (no action, talk only). It also has to improve the ability of law and administrative institution, in Main Principle of Human Rights EQUALITY : non-discriminate; equals chances, access to sources, and participation. DIGNITY, SOVEREIGNTY: freedom, autonomy, choice HUMANITY : respect and solidarity Responsibility of States Towards HR Art. 71 UU 39/1999 TO FULFILL : how can HR be fulfilled with law and institution TO RESPECT : stay away from personal matters TO PROTECT : prevent and punish HR violation