Corresponding Author: Farrah Dina Abd Razak, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Branch Tapah Campus,
farra104@uitm.edu.my
89
International Journal of Undergraduate Research 1 (2): 89-94, 2019
e-ISSN: 2682-8189
© RMP Publications, 2019
DOI: 10.26666/rmp.ijur.2019.2.13
Does Investment Inflows Matter for Country’s Economic Performance?
Evidence from Static Panel Data
Aiman Hakimi Mohd Sapudi
1
and Farrah Dina Abd Razak
2
1
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch,
Tapah Campus, Perak, Malaysia,
2
Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch,
Tapah Campus, Perak, Malaysia.
Abstract: Macroeconomic objective for every country is to achieve ideal economic
performance and it can be measured by analyzing growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
The aim of this empirical article is to explore the factors that determine GDP in ASEAN-5 countries over a
period of 1998 to 2018 using static panel data analysis. Pooled Ordinary Least Square, Random Effect and
Fixed Effect models were regress and result shows that Fixed Effect model is the most appropriate model
to estimate factors determine GDP in ASEAN-5 countries. The results demonstrate that foreign direct
investment (FDI) and labour productivity are the most significant variables; while trade openness, inflation
rate, and population growth have no significant effect on GDP for ASEAN-5 countries. This article is
significant because it contributes to the literature on factors influences GDP by encompassing the scope of
previous studies.
Key words: foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, labour productivity, population growth, panel
data analysis, ASEAN-5
INTRODUCTION
ASEAN is an acronym for The Association of
Southeast Asian Nations, a regional corporation of
ten most inclusive emerging and developing Asian
countries with each distinguished by a significant
influence in global economy. It consists of Malaysia,
Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam,
Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, Singapore and Brunei
Darussalam. ASEAN has applicable policies to
promote the flow of FDI into their respective
countries, especially to sectors with multiple
investments. Strong investments inflows on
manufacturing, services and infrastructure industries
were came from China, the Netherlands, Germany,
Switzerland and Australia. In 2017, the ASEAN
countries attracted 20 percent of the global FDI and
contributed 25 percent of global GDP. If ASEAN is
form as a single country, it would be the third largest
market in the world behind India and China with 630
million of population [1]. FDI flows to ASEAN rose
from USD 123 billion in 2016 to USD137 billion in
2017 with a rise in investments in five member states
namely Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore
and Malaysia.
This ASEAN-5 countries share several common
features. First, these five member states are working
together to form the ASEAN Exchanges that aims to
promote ASEAN capital markets and to offer more
opportunities to investors in the region. Second,
these countries have relatively huge amount of
young populations as compared to other developed
countries and its labour market is evolving towards
more mobility for skilled professionals in the region.
On the other indicator, combined FDI inflows to the
four CLMV countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar
and Vietnam) grasped a greatest level in 2017,
increasing by 21 per cent to USD23 billion,
accounting for 17 per cent of total FDI flows in
ASEAN. Vietnam was the third largest recipient
within ASEAN behind Indonesia and Singapore.
This hike contributed by these region rapidly
growing industry clusters include health care,
research and development (R&D) activities, e-
commerce, automotive and the electronics. For