SPIRITUS | 19.2
Joy, Loving, and the Need for Supernatural
Bread
Robert Miner
Spiritus 19 (2019): 286–305 © 2019 by Johns Hopkins University Press
Writers in traditions of Christian spirituality have frequently privileged the
notion of joy, without losing sight of the numerous connections between joy
and suffering. (Thus Catherine of Siena, to name but one example, has much
to say about tears as a sign of the dual experience of joy and sorrow.) But what
is joy? How is it related to (or different from) “subjective well-being”? In what
manner can joy be obtained? Or is it a mistake to conceive joy on the model of
an object that we can “obtain,” whether by our own efforts or by divine help?
Insight into such questions is required for any approach to spirituality that ac-
cords a central place to joy.
In what follows, I contend that although joy is an elusive good, and not to
be confused with pleasure, the internal relations that joy bears to the acts of
loving God and loving neighbor demand sustained reflection, precisely because
such reflection can improve the ways in which we think about and pursue
joy. My argument proceeds in five steps. First, I propose a set of distinctions
between joy and pleasure, arguing that C. S. Lewis’s influential version of the
joy/pleasure distinction is too extreme and needs to be seen in the light of more
subtle ways of marking the difference, namely those of Henri Bergson and
Augustine. Second, I argue for the importance of preserving the sense in which
joy is an elusive good. I show that when we fail to grasp joy’s elusiveness, we
do so either because joy has not been sufficiently distinguished from pleasure,
or because we have been led astray by the co-option of “joy” by contemporary
kitsch. Third, I will show that joy’s elusiveness, though important to acknowl-
edge, has no tendency to imply that joy is impossible to attain. The human
possibility of joy is ensured by its intrinsic connection to the activity of lov-
ing. But is the kind of loving that leads to joy possible without divine help? In
a fourth section, I show that the common view of a tension between the love
of neighbor and love of God rests upon a deep misunderstanding of what the
theological tradition means by loving God. A final section argues that sus-
tained reflection on joy and its preconditions points to what Simone Weil calls
the need for “supernatural bread.”