International Journal of Advances in Medicine | June 2020 | Vol 7 | Issue 6 Page 977 International Journal of Advances in Medicine Singh N et al. Int J Adv Med. 2020 Jun;7(6):977-982 http://www.ijmedicine.com pISSN 2349-3925 | eISSN 2349-3933 Original Research Article Evaluation of the predisposing factors and cause of resistance which are associated with ART 1 failure and shifted to ART 2 regime Narendra Singh 1 *, R. K. Varma 1 , Richa Giri 1 , Punit Varma 2 , Seema Dwivedi 3 , Lalit Kumar 1 INTRODUCTION Reason of resistant of drug is due to mutation at the majority of M184 Or K103 Mutation that was most common NNRTI Mutation. During treatment of HIV medicine some HIV mutation can develop and the treated regimen is not effective. Drug resistance testing can identify the effective regimen. A good adherence to medication of HIV regimen reduces the drug resistance. It can also spread from person to person called as transmitted. The chronic persistent form of the virus with high rate of replication has lead to mutant resulting into anti-retroviral drug resistance increasing report of resistance. ABSTRACT Background: This study is to evaluate the predisposing factors and cause of resistance which are associated with ART1 failure and shifted to ART 2 regime. Methods: This study was conducted in ART plus centre K.P.S. Post Graduate Institute of Medicine (G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India) tertiary care teaching hospital (G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India). It will be a clinical (assessment with investigation), continuous, longitudinal, prospective and retrospective, observational, single centre hospital-based study at ART Centre, Kanpur, India. All the subjects who were on 1st line ART regime, attended in our centre were screened for treatment failure of based on clinical, immunological and virological criteria as decided by SACEP. Duration of this study was DEC 2016 TO DEC 2018.This study was taking as regime ART2 as TLATV/R, ZLATV/R, TLLP/R and ZLLP/R. Results: In this study there is PL HIV subjects that are considered for ART2 are mostly living in rural area and more are female having less adherence to ART1. Smoking, alcohol and tobacco chewing were also having less adherence to ART and cause resistance to ART1. Conclusions: In this study subjects were having associated with predisposing factor as Alcohalic 53 (45%), Tobacco Chewing 8 (07%), SMOKING 13 (11%). Alcohalic, Tobacco Chewer and Smoker have significant association of predisposing factor for low adherence to ART1 and resistance to ART1 drugs. There is also concluded that females and rural areas subject are having low adherence and cause ART1 failure. Keywords: A-Atanzanavir, Antiretroviral therapy, Human immunodeficiency virus, L- Lamivudine, L-Lopinavir, R- Rotonavir, Sacep, T-Tenofovir, Z-Zaduvudine 1 Department of Medicine, KPS PG Institute of Medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Community Medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India Received: 10 March 2019 Revised: 25 April 2020 Accepted: 01 May 2020 *Correspondence: Dr. Narendra Singh, E-mail: narendrasingh0011@gmail.com Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20202114