International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426 Volume 8 Issue 5, May 2019 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Rural Infrastructure Development Level and its Constraints in Chambal-Yamuna Plain of Western Uttar Pradesh Hemant Kumar Assistant Professor; R. P. S. Degree College, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India Abstract: The accessibility to rural-infrastructural services is strongly constraint by physiographic factors of the region. Inadequate accessibility affects the scenario for socio-economic development of a region. Hence the Level of accessibility to services is determinant of level of development of a region. In the present study the development level of Socio-economic infrastructure of the villages of the semi-arid Yamuna-Chambal plain has been analyzed. It has been observed that the expansion of gully and ravenous feature are obstructing the connectivity and development level of infrastructure here. Studied blocks are highly affected by land degradation. As a result of that undulating surface has isolated the habitats of this region. Few portion of the study area is having comparatively better infrastructure facilities. These zones are delimited with the area associated to administrative canters and expanded on arable patches. This study would help to understanding the physiographic correlates of socio-economic development of a rural area. Keywords: Accessibility, Rural-Infrastructure, Land Degradation 1. Introduction India's economic growth and development is predicated to a large extent upon the development of its rural area. Majority of the population lives in villages that are engaged primarily in agriculture, directly or indirectly. The importance of rural infrastructure is demonstrated by the positive influence that an increase in its stock has on the endorsement of socio- economic growth.Its availability affects productivity and capacity to earn income, which is of concern in rural agriculture( Fakayodeet, al; 2008). It also incidentally, provides basic amenities that improve the quality of life and decline in the incidence of absolute poverty. Rural infrastructural development leads to interaction with the outside world and movement of people which results in the gradual removal of many superstitions and taboos. This, in turn, tends to weaken many of the attitudinal barriers to growth and modernity (Malenbaum 1962).Among all types of rural infrastructure; rural transport is probably the most crucial for the livelihoods of the rural poor. An inefficient transport system can act as a significant constraint on agriculture in rural areas, both by raising the costs and effectiveness of inputs in the production process and by delaying the sale of harvested crops (Shenggen; 2004) In India Development of rural areas is slow due to improper and inadequate provision of infrastructure with compare to urban areas. Physiography and land cover affects the allocation of infrastructural services like road link, educational and economic institutions etc. „These Services are often available in only a few settlements, but are used by a larger number of settlements, resulting in economic transaction across a greater geographical area. These spatial aspects influence access of rural population to services and affect the prospects for agricultural and economic development of a region (Wanmali and Islam, 1995). Therefore Level of accessibility to services is determinant of level of development of a region. 2. Study Area The geographic expansion of the study area is 25 O 26' 30''and 78 O 26‟46‟‟ to 26 o 50' 58''N and 79 O 18' 13''E longitude. Major streams of this area are Yamuna, Chambal and Kunwari. This area is covered by Badhpura and Chakarnagar blocks of district Etawah of Uttar Pradesh. Region is known for its sub-humid climate with extreme temperature (mean daily maximum 42 0 C) and rainfall condition in peak seasons of monsoon. The physiography of studied area is facing tectonic upheaval that intensifying by human interferences. These upheavals lead the encroachment of gully and ravine on alluvium of this part. The expansion of gullies and ravenous land is posing serious problems to the sustainable development of both ecological and economic environment. 3. Objectives The objectives of this paper are to identify the socio- economic infrastructural development level and its association with geomorphic unit of the region. 4. Methodology 4.1 Land cover classes have been identified by Supervise classification of LANDSAT-ETM images of 2000 and topographic sheets of referenced area. ERDAS Imagine and Arc GIS softwares have been used for the same. 4.2 For measuring the infrastructural development level, a composite index of various infrastructural variables has been calculated. For it variables has been weighted according to their relative importance. Than “Z” score of these values has been calculated. That is the composite values of different variables. The data is taken from PCA directory of census of India 2001. It calculated in following manner- z = X- x̄ /SD Paper ID: ART20197722 10.21275/ART20197722 540