57 Chapter I.3 Migration Policies and Their Underlying Threats Going Beyond the Polarization of EU Versus Non-EU Migration Policies Nina Sahraoui, Radoslaw Polkowski and Mateusz Karolak In the political discourse over the last decade various countries of the EU as well as the Union itself have been facing different ‘migration crises’. Just to mention a few: the unexpected significant intra-EU mobility of citizens from the newly accepted CEE countries; repeated riots in deprived suburbs often inhabited by the second- or third-generation descendants of migrants; the illegal expulsion of EU citizens, mostly of Roma origin; or recently increased inflow of asylum seekers, welcomed by some states and expelled by others. The ‘crises’ are not an exception but normality inscribed into the migration process. Most importantly, however, in this chapter, we argue that all these constantly emerging tensions reveal something more fundamental about contemporary states as well as citizenship and rights not just with regard to migrants but, indeed, for all of us. More specifically, we see these ‘crises’ as part and parcel of long-standing processes of ‘displacement of noncontractual principles of solidaristic social provisions by those of market and contract’ (Somers 2008: 11) and the resul- tant utilitarian logic that permeates political discourses and policymaking. The ‘market fundamentalism’ associated with neoliberal philosophy and policies unearths the notions of deservingness and un-deservingness typical of the Victorian era’s classical liberalism. In this way, the flipside of tensions over migrations are tensions over rights of those formally called citizens as will be illustrated with numerous examples in this chapter. Thus, building on Anderson’s (2013) argument that migration policies are just as much about