Motivation, Physical Work Environment, Non-
Physical Work Environment, and Work
Satisfaction (Study on the Government of
Ternate City)
Muhammad Asril Arilaha
1,*
, Johan Fahri
1
, Nurlela
1
,
Abdullah W. Jabid
1
, Irfandi Buamonabot
2,*
1
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
2
Polteknik Sains & Teknologi Wiratama Maluku Utara, Ternate, Indonesia
*
Corresponding author. Email: asril_arilaha@unkhair.ac.id
ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the effect of motivation, physical work environment, non-physical work
environment and job satisfaction on performance. A total of 63 respondents from Non-permanent Employees
in the Regional Government of Ternate were surveyed in this study. The analytical tool used in this study is
regression analysis. The results showed that of the four hypotheses proposed in this study, only hypothesis 1
was unsupported. Furthermore, at the end of the research results are discussed in this study.
Keywords: motivation, physical work environment, non-physical, job satisfaction, performance
1. INTRODUCTION
The growth and development of an organization depend on
human resources. Therefore, human resources is an asset
that should be improved effectively and efficiently in order
to materialize its optimal performance. To achieve this, the
organization, in this case, must be able to create a situation
that can encourage employees to develop abilities and
skills optimally, especially in terms of performance.
Whether or not performance depends greatly on the extent
to which the agency is able to design the form of
motivation provided to its employees. This certainly must
be supported by an adequate work environment [1].
Motivation is one of the variables that affect performance
[2-4]. This is due to high motivation that will be able to
improve employee performance. There is two motivations
namely extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Every employee
has desires and goals to be achieved in work, so high
motivation is needed to improve good performance [5]. In
addition to motivation, the work environment is also a
factor influencing performance [6,7]. The work
environment itself consists of the physical environment
and non-physical environment attached to employees so
that it cannot be separated from the performance
development effort [8]. Work environments such as work
atmosphere, relationships with colleagues, availability of
work facilities, noise and odor will contribute to the
comfort of employees in performing their duties [9].
This study is a replication of several previous studies.
The study was based on the findings were inconsistent.
For example, [10-12] find that motivation has no effect
on performance, while [2-4] found that motivation
influences performance. Furthermore, research conducted
by [1,13] also found insignificant results on the effect of
working environment on performance, while [6,7,14]
found that the work environment influences performance.
In addition to reexamining the results of research that
have not been consistent, researchers also added two
variables, namely job satisfaction and dividing the work
environment based on physical and non-physical, so
researchers want to test each variable on performance
2. METHODS
Research design
The design of this research is a descriptive study with a
survey method. Data collection in this study was carried
out by a cross-sectional method that is collecting or
retrieving data at a certain time (Neuman, 2006).
Population and Sample
The population in this study were all employees of the
Department of Education and Culture of Ternate City. The
sample in this study was 63 non-permanent employees at
the Department of Education and Culture of Ternate City.
A sample size of more than 30 and less than 500 is
appropriate for most studies [15].
Test Validity and Reliability
Validity is the level at which a test measures what it really
wants to be measured. Validity testing is done by factor
analysis to get construct validity. The items used in this
study are those that have a factor loading value ≥ 0.5 [16].
Reliability is related to the accuracy and precision of a
measurement procedure [17]. In this study, reliability
testing is done by looking at the value of Cronbach's Alpha
Advances in Engineering Research, volume 194
5th International Conference on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANRes 2019)
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 419