International Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology Research (ISSN: 2408-7262) Vol. 5(2) pp. 31-35, September 2017
Available online http://www.internationalinventjournals.org/journals/IJESTR
Copyright ©2017 International Invention Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Mai’adua Local
Government, Katsina State, Nigeria
Samaila Muazu Batagarawa*, Sabir Idris
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Umaru Musa Yaradua University, Katsina, Nigeria
Received 9 June, 2017; Accepted 18 July, 2017
The analysis of some physicochemical parameters of well water from various locations at Mai’Adua
Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria, was conducted. The aim of the study was to analyze
some of the parameters and compare the results with standard values recommended by WHO. The
samples taken from six different locations at least 1km apart revealed that the study area has a mean of
Turbidity 2.4NTU, Colour 5.8Hazen unit, Temperature 27.7
0
C, PH 6.98, Alkalinity 5.3mg/L, Hardness
39.08mg/L, Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 0.13mg/L, Total dissolved solid (TDS) 221.75mg/L,
Suspended solids (SS) 12.5mg/L, Conductivity 7.64μs/cm. By observing the results, it was shown that
the parameters from the water samples were within WHO permissible limits which satisfies the safety
limit for its use for various purposes like domestic, agricultural, industrial and so on.
Keywords: Ground water, Metropolis, Biological oxygen demand, Alkalinity, Pollution.
INTRODUCTION
Rapid urbanization, especially in developing countries
like Nigeria, has affected the availability and quality of
groundwater due to waste and effluent disposal practice,
especially in urban areas. This can be evidenced from
African and Asian countries that experience rapid
industrial growth, thus, making environmental
conservation very difficult (Agarwal and Animesh, 2011).
Researchers’ workers such as Kalyana et al., (2014),
Adefemi and Awokunmi (2010), Ezeribe, Oketunda and
Shaato (2011) who studied some physicochemical
parameters of ground water from industrial areas of
Pydibheemavaram, Vizianagaram and Andhra Pradesh
Districts, India have indicated such. Eight ground water
samples were taken from boreholes and open wells and
were analysed for pH, EC, Chloride, Total Alkalinity,
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Hardness. The
results were compared with WHO standards. Similarly,
the study of Murhekar and Gopalkrushna (2010), who
carried out, an assessment of physico-chemical status of
ground water samples in Akot city also analyzed for
* Corresponding Author Email: samaila.muazu@umyu.ed
temperature, pH, TDS, dissolved oxygen turbidity, total
alkalinity, total hardness, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Na
+
, K
+
, Cl
-
, F
-
, NO
3
-
SO
4
-
and PO
4
-
of open and Bore wells. No hazardous level
of contamination was detected in all samples analysed
except few sites with little contamination. The physic
chemical and bacteriological studies on ground water
have also indicated some level of contamination as
reflected in the report of Ahmed and Eyaife (2014) who
conducted same physicochemical and bacteriological
quality of ground water at Abubakar Tatari Ali
polytechnic Bauchi, Nigeria. The results revealed that
the samples contained some contaminants like bacterial
contaminants in excess of the recommended limits set by
NSDWQ and WHO.
The correlation between the level of various
parameters analysed showed positive correlation as
indicated by the study of Chandrakar, (2017), Gabriel, et
al. (2010), who developed linear regression equations to
predict the concentration of water quality among the
various parameters analysed. The TDS and EC have
perfect correlation coefficients whereas Na
+
and Cl
-
, were
also highly correlated in all the water sources.
Furthermore, while Ca
2+
and HCO
3
are highly correlated
in both the shallow and deep groundwater they have
relatively lower correlation coefficients in the surface