Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC EMERGENCY MEDICINE AND CRITICAL CARE EC EMERGENCY MEDICINE AND CRITICAL CARE Review Article Acute Leukaemia: A Sudden Killer to Human Beings 1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria 2 Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu University, Anambra State Nigeria 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria Citation: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi., et al. “Acute Leukaemia: A Sudden Killer to Human Beings”. EC Emergency Medicine and Critical Care 4.6 (2020): 154-167. *Corresponding Author: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. Received: April 07, 2020; Published: May 28, 2020 Abstract Leukaemia is among the leading haematological disorders causing the deaths of many in the society. This paper was reviewed to update the dangers associated with acute leukaemia. The paper was reviewed using different search engines like Google scholar, Researchgate, Pubmed, Scopus, etc. Acute leukaemia is a leukaemia with serious medical conditions needing emergency medical at- tention. It can convert sometimes to chronic leukaemia. The onset of the course of the disease is sudden and life-threatening. Prompt diagnosis could be helpful in the management of the patients. The experts involved in the diagnosis and management should attend regular trainings and conferences to update themselves on the new approaches on acute leukaemia to achieve optimal results in the patients. This paper tried to update the public on the overview, course, mechanism, treatment and diagnosis of acute leukaemia. Keywords: Acute Leukaemia; Acute Myeloid Leukaemia; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia; Myelogenous Leukaemia Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi 1 *, Otuadinma Rita Ngozi 2 and Aliyu Hafsat Sauki 3 Acute leukaemia It has been reported that acute leukaemia is a group of critical clinical situations linked to a primary diagnosis of leukaemia. In varied cases, these can be classified based on the lineage, myeloid or lymphoid, of the malignant cells that grow uncontrolled, but some are mixed and for those such duty is not possible [1]. Forms of acute leukemia included leukaemia include the following: • Acute myeloid leukaemia • Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia • Blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Acute myeloid leukaemia It has been opined that acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cells [2]. It has been reported that the clinical features as opined by National Cancer Institute [2] may include weakness, shortness of breath, easy bruising and haemorrhage and elevated threat of infection. Infrequently, it may extend to the brain, skin, or gums. As an acute leukaemia, AML manifests fast and is classical deadly in weeks or months if left untreated [3].