CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 40, 2014
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editor: Renato Del Rosso
Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,
I SBN 978-88-95608-31-0; I SSN 2283-9216
Fluid Dynamic Simulation of Odour Measurement Chamber
Giacomo Viccione*, Daniele Spiniello, Tiziano Zarra, Vincenzo Naddeo
Department of Civil Enginggering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
(*e-mail: gviccion@unisa.it ; Tel. +39 089 963408; Fax +39 089 968806)
Arrays of chemical sensors, generally used in electronic noses (e.noses), yield a unique pattern for a given
mixture of odours. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in applications of e.noses for the
characterization and monitoring of environmental odours. While they have been around over the last three
decades, little effort has been devoted to the development of the measurement chamber. Within it, all
sensors are placed in contact of the flux of air to characterize in terms of odours. A measurement chamber
must ensure standardized conditions in term of temperature, humidity and contact time of inflow air with
the sensor surfaces.
Aim of this work is to numerically analyse the fluid dynamic performance of measurement chambers with
different geometry in order to improve sensor response signals in terms of stability, reproducibility and
response time. The Fluid dynamic study was carried out by a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)
commercial software.
Results show an objective methodological approach that can be used to design measurement chamber for
electronic noses.
1. Introduction
Odour emissions from industrial plants (e.g. manufacturing plants, wastewater treatment plants, etc.) into
the atmosphere may cause significant public concerns and complaints (Ampuero et al., 2003, Zarra et al.,
2008, Lehtinen et al., 2012). Effects of offensive smells should be assessed as well as proper actions must
be taken for the control of odour annoyance according to related local legislations, when existing. One of
the limits in the diffusion of legislation is the difficult in the standardization of the measurement of odour
exposure in ambient air.
Odours exposure can be continuously monitored by multisensory array systems commonly known as
electronic noses (e.noses) (Gardner et al., 1994, Belgiorno et al., 2013, Capelli et al., 2014). E.noses are
generally composed by a sampling system, a measurement chamber, a multi-sensor array, a data
acquisition system and a pattern recognition algorithm (Pioggia et al., 2007).
Up to date, many researches have studied the performance of different combination of sensors in odours
detection and relative pattern recognition (Zarra et al., 2009, Giuliani et al., 2012), on other way little effort
seems to have been made to study the optimization of the measurement chamber in terms of proper
definition of chamber size and shape (Di Francesco et al., 2005), spatial displacement of sensors (Lezzi et
al., 2001), allocation and geometry of a diffuser (Falcitelli et al., 2002, Pan et al., 2009).
In order to guarantee proper sensors response, it is essential to ensure gas sample concentration at the
sensors as uniform and steady as possible. In addition, time exposure, needed to record an “odour
signature” and related to the modulation frequency, must be long enough to appropriately capture
volatilized chemical compounds.
The work here presented, based on a previous numerical study (Viccione et., 2012), aims to further clarify
the fluid dynamic behaviour of a sensor chamber in order to guarantee homogeneous flow conditions, that
is a volatile sample moving under nearly steady conditions and to minimize the presence of regions
occupied by the pre-existing air as well as by stagnant and/or recirculating volatile vortexes. Volatile
sample motion is solved in space and time by integrating Navier–Stokes equations, written for
compressible fluids. The k-eps turbulence model is added for problem closure. Refer to our previous work
(Viccione et al., 2012) about the way ruling equations are solved in time over the computational domain.
DOI: 10.3303/CET1440019
Please cite this article as: Viccione G., Spiniello D., Zarra T., Naddeo V., 2014, Fluid dynamic simulation of odour measurement chamber,
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 40, 109-114 DOI: 10.3303/CET1440019
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