Arch Clin Med Case Rep 2020; 4 (4): 645-648 DOI: 10.26502/acmcr.96550242 Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports 645 Case Report Dyspnea in Acute Myeloid Leukemia – An Uncommon Presentation of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Ruby Maini * , Manjari Rani Regmi, Nitin Tandan, Priyanka Parajuli, Odalys Estefania Lara Garcia Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 North Rutledge Street, Springfield, Illinois, USA * Corresponding Author: Dr. Ruby Maini MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 North Rutledge Street, Springfield, Illinois, 62703, USA, Tel: 217-788-3000; E-mail: rmaini66@siumed.edu Received: 04 June 2020; Accepted: 12 June 2020; Published: 10 July 2020 Abstract Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition characterized by acute hypoxic respiratory failure, hemoptysis, and acute blood loss anemia. Most common etiologies are related to systemic vasculitis due to ongoing vessel inflammation. Diagnosis, however, can be challenging due to variety of non-specific symptoms. We present a challenging case of a 65-year-old male with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia undergoing induction chemotherapy who developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Keywords: Pulmonary hemorrhage; Acute myeloid leukemia; Hematologic complication 1. Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disorder which involves immature myeloid cell proliferation thus causing bone marrow failure. It is characterized by “blast” cells in the peripheral blood along with in the bone marrow. It is the most common acute leukemia in adults with approximately 20,000 cases diagnosed annually. Treatment involves aggressive induction chemotherapy following the ‘7+3’ regimen with cytarabine and an anthracycline agent. Such treatment leaves one immunocompromised and exposed to drug toxicities, infections, and coagulopathy.