SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL (SCIENCE SERIES)
Association of Anthropometric Measurements with pre and post Menopausal women:
A survey based cross sectional study
. J. WARSI
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, Z. A. PALH** M. R. QAMBRANI***, S.U.J.O. MEGHWAR*
Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Received 12
th
August 2017 and Revised 06
th
January 2018
1. INTRODUCTION
The menstrual cycle is the rhythmic changes in
hormones occurs every month in the female
reproductive system particularly in uterus and in ovaries
which is the preparation for pregnancy (Sharma, et al.,
2016). Menarche is the first menstrual period usually
occurs at the age of 13 (Abdulla and Ibraheem, 2010).
Menstruation is a monthly shedding of endometrial
walls leading to discharge of blood usually after every
28 days (Sharma et al., 2016). The average bleeding last
for approximately 5 days (Chiou, et al., 2007).
Menopause is the time when ovaries stop producing
eggs because of hormonal fluctuations; however
different definitions are existing (Gracia et al.,
2005).The onset of menopause in west is between
40 to 61 (Minkin and Wright, 1997), in India median
age is 44 (Ringa, 2000) while in Pakistan the mean age
is 47.7 (Yahya and Rehan, 2002).
The menopause transition is associated with
obesity, blood pressure and metabolic syndrome (Kuh
et al., 2005), furthermore elevated blood pressure was
reported in pre menopausal woman than post
menopause (Trémollières, et al., 1999) however some
other studies could not show rise in blood pressure in
menopause transition (Kuh et al., 2005). Total
cholesterol level was reported high at the time of onset
of menopause (Bittner, 2002) However the association
of cardiovascular risk factors with onset of menopause
is debatable (Barrett-Connor, 2003; Barrett-Connor and
Bush, 1991), moreover HbA1c is a reliable indicator to
estimate blood glucose level particularly in menopausal
women, higher level of HbA1c (glycosylated
hemoglobin) was reported in post menopausal women
(Chang et al., 2000) (Simon, et al., 1989).
The anthropometric indicators: increase waist-hip
ratio was associated with menopause transition
(Gaspard, et al., 1995) The association of waist to hip
ratio is already established with the especial reference to
breast cancer (Huang et al., 1999). BMI was strongly
associated with pre, peri and post menopausal women
(Akahoshi et al., 2002; Kuh et al., 2005). The
premenopausal women had less waist circumference
and less waist to hip ratio than postmenopausal women
(Donato, et al., 2006).
The present study thus explored whether the
anthropometric indicators in pre and post menopausal
women are consistent with the rest of the world in
typical Pakistani scenario.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A survey based cross sectional study was carried
out from June 2016 to November 2016 (06 months).
The sample area was District Hyderabad rural and urban
population (Sindh, Pakistan). A self designed
questionnaire was administered to the female aged
between 40- 60 years. The sample comprises of all
marital status groups (single, married and divorced).
Sindh Univ. Res. Jour. (Sci. Ser.) Vol. 50 (001) 119-122 (2018)
Abstract: Anthropometric measurements are the litmus during the transition of any woman from normal menstrual cycle to
menopause. Several changes occur in the body during this transition from change of body shape to hormonal fluctuations, from social
status to psychological and neurological alterations. The present study thus explored the pre and post menopausal changes in the
anthropometric indicators and its significance level. Methodology: A survey based cross sectional study was carried out. Total 190
female aged 40-60, were randomly selected from the district Hyderabad. Results: age, weight, BMI and WC (in rural, urban and
accumulative) in post menopausal women are significantly less (p=0.0001, p=0.01, p=0.004 and p=0.01 respectively) than those who
were having normal menstrual cycles. Waist to height ratio (WHtR), height, Bicep and triceps measurements were not significantly
different in the aforementioned groups. Conclusion: In a representative study of woman, the natural transition is strongly associated
with decrease in BMI (Body Mass Index), WC (Waist circumference) and weight.
Keywords: menopause, cross sectional study, BMI.
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Correspondence to: phone: +92-22-9213227 e-mail : jamshed.warsi@usindh.edu.pk
*Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
**Department of Fresh Water Biology and Fisheries, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
*** University of Sindh, Jamshoro
http://doi.org/10.26692/sujo/2018.01.0020