Introduction So far the relationship between CSP and CFP has been investigated by research- ers and produced inconsistent results: positive, negative, and inconclusive (see for example Worrell, et.al., 1997; Wad- dock & Graves, 1997; Frooman, 1997; Roman et.al., 1999; Orlitzky, 2001; Or- litzky & Benjamin, 2001; Ruf et al., 2001; Murphy, 2002; Simpson & Kohers, 2002; Griffin & Mahon, 1997; McWilliams & Siegel, 2000; McWilliams & Siegel, 2001; Moore, 2001; and Wright & Ferris, 1997; Fauzi et al., 2007). Some attempts have been conducted to explain the conflicting re- sults. According to some previous stud- ies (Wagner, 2001; Ruf et.al, 2001; Husted, 2000; Orlitzky et al., 2003), the Issues in Social and Environmental Accounting Vol. 2, No. 2 Dec 2008/Jan 2009 Pp. 233-259 The Determinants of the Relationship of Corporate Social Performance and Financial Performance: Conceptual Framework 1 Hasan Fauzi Faculty of Economis Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Abstract The objective of this paper is to investigate relationship between CSP and CFP using contin- gency perspective derived from the strategic management domain. The investigation will be done using lens of slack resource and good management theory. This study is expected to pro- vide a new insight on the link between corporate social performance and corporate financial performance using contingency perspective as suggested in the strategic management and ac- counting literature, an area has not been examined in the prior studies. The result of this study can resolve the existing conflict in the literatures by developing an integrated model of the link between CSP and CFP and the notion of corporate performance which, in strategic manage- ment, is highly affected by four factors: business environment, strategy, organization structure, and control system. The model will explain in what condition the relationship of CSP and CFP is valid Keywords: Corporate social performance, corporate financial performance, slack resource theory, good management theory, contingency theory, and moderating effect. Hasan Fauzi is Director of Indonesian Center for Social and Environmental Accounting Research and Development (ICSEARD) and Head of International Partnership, International Office, Sebelas Maret University and can be reached at: hfauzi2003@gmail.com. He is very grateful to the committee of AAA 2008 Annual Meeting for their review, to two reviewers (Dr. Ku and Dr.Wan of Universiti Utara Malaysia) as well as to participants of Working Paper Forum of Faculty of Economics, Sebelas Maret University for their critical and constructive review and suggestion of earlier draft of the paper