© AUG 2019 | IRE Journals | Volume 3 Issue 2 | ISSN: 2456-8880
IRE 1701498 ICONIC RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING JOURNALS 176
Development of an HPLC Method
For Determination of Some Preservatives in Soy Sauce
NI NI WIN
1
, KHIN WIN AYE
2
, YI YI MYINT
3
1
Department of Engineering Chemistry, Technological University (Meiktila), Myanmar
2
Department of Engineering Chemistry, Pyay Technological University, Myanmar
3
Department of Research and Innovation, National Analytical Laboratory, Myanmar
Abstract -- A simple, selective and precise reversed-phase
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method
has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of
benzoic acid (BA), methyl paraben (MP), and butyl
paraben(BP) in soy sauce. The preservatives (BA, MP and
BP) from soy sauce samples were extracted with a C18
bonded silica SPE cartridge. 10% methanol in 1%
orthophosphoric acid solution followed by methanol was
found to be the best solution for sample clean-up. The
chromatographic separation of HPLC method was
performed by using a PerkinElmer Brownlee Analytical
DB C18 column (2.1 mm X 100 mm, 1.9 μm) and binary
pump. The preservatives were eluted with
methanol/NH4OAc buff-er and determined by a gradient
elution system in one run (23 minutes) with UV detection
at the maximum absorption wave-length, 230 nm for BA,
and 254 nm for MP and BP. The average recoveries of
benzoic acid, methyl paraben, and butyl paraben were 90,
93 and 100 %, respectively. The calibration curves showed
good linearity over the concentration range of 1.0 - 60
μg/g. The regression coefficients were acceptable (R2 >
0.995). This SPE-HPLC method was proved to be a useful
protocol for quantification of the preservative in soy
sauce.
Indexed Terms: Soy sauce; preservatives; benzoic acid;
parabens; solid phase extraction (SPE); HPLC-UV
I. INTRODUCTION
Preservative is any substance used in the food
preservation process that can act as agent to prevent
any alteration either of taste and appearance of the
food due to microorganism and to minimize the risk
of toxic food. According to directive 95/2/EC dated
on 20.02.1995, “the preservatives are substances that
increase the food preservation time by protecting
them against the damages caused by micro-
organisms”[1]. Among the available commercial
food preservatives, benzoic acid (BA) and its ester
derivatives are widely used. Benzoic acid is one of
the weak organic acid preservative agents that
inhibits the growth of both bacterial and fungal cell
[2,3]. The parabens are also possible to be used as
anti-microbial agents to exert the intended affects
against mold and yeasts. The parabens are considered
safe antimicrobial agents with relatively non-
irritating and non-sensitizing effects as well as low
toxicity to the human [4].
It has been previously reported that the concentration
of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate used as a food
preservative was ranging up to 2000 mg kg
-1
[3].
Excess amounts of these additives can be harmful to
human health. Therefore, the minimum permissible
concentrations of benzoic acid and the esters of p-
hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) are controlled by
regulation, and the quantitative analysis of these
preservatives is important in routine analysis of
foods. Fruit juice and beverage can be directly
analyzed without clean-up procedures prior to
determine by HPLC [5,6], while the other food
samples, such as cheese, sauce, jam, milk, yogurt and
canned seafood by HPLC technique, requires sample
pretreatment, which usually involved solvent
extraction or precipitation of proteins and fats
by the addition of methanol or acetonitrile
followed by centrifugation[6,7].
Sweet soy sauce is become one of the favorite
condiments and very often used as food flavor
enhancer in Asian cuisine. The commercial sweet soy
sauce contains some amount of preservatives to be
stored for a longer time. Sodium benzoate and methyl
paraben, are the two very common preservatives
added in the commercial soy sauce. The maximum
allowable amount of benzoic acid and parabens
added in soy sauce are 600 mg kg
-1
and 250 mg kg
-1
,
respectively [8]. In recent years, some analytical
methods have been developed for the determination