Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 2014, 4, 100-121
Published Online January 2014 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/acs )
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2014.41013
Wind Power Potential in Interior Alaska from a
Micrometeorological Perspective
Hannah K. Ross
1
, John Cooney
2
, Megan Hinzman
3
, Samuel Smock
4
,
Gary Sellhorst
5
, Ralph Dlugi
6
, Nicole Mölders
5,7
, Gerhard Kramm
5*
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, USA
2
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
3
College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
4
Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, USA
5
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
6
Arbeitgruppe Atmosphärische Prozesse (AGAP), Munich, Germany
7
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, College of Natural Science and Mathematics,
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA
Email:
*
kramm@gi.alaska.edu
Received November 26, 2013; revised December 22, 2013; accepted December 29, 2013
Copyright © 2014 Hannah K. Ross et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In accor-
dance of the Creative Commons Attribution License all Copyrights © 2014 are reserved for SCIRP and the owner of the intellectual
property Hannah K. Ross et al. All Copyright © 2014 are guarded by law and by SCIRP as a guardian.
ABSTRACT
The wind power potential in Interior Alaska is evaluated from a micrometeorological perspective. Based on the
local balance equation of momentum and the equation of continuity we derive the local balance equation of ki-
netic energy for macroscopic and turbulent systems, and in a further step, Bernoulli’s equation and integral
equations that customarily serve as the key equations in momentum theory and blade-element analysis, where
the Lanchester-Betz-Joukowsky limit, Glauert’s optimum actuator disk, and the results of the blade-element
analysis by Okulov and Sørensen are exemplarily illustrated. The wind power potential at three different sites in
Interior Alaska (Delta Junction, Eva Creek, and Poker Flat) is assessed by considering the results of wind field
predictions for the winter period from October 1, 2008, to April 1, 2009 provided by the Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) model to avoid time-consuming and expensive tall-tower observations in Interior Alaska
which is characterized by a relatively low degree of infrastructure outside of the city of Fairbanks. To predict the
average power output we use the Weibull distributions derived from the predicted wind fields for these three
different sites and the power curves of five different propeller-type wind turbines with rated powers ranging
from 2 MW to 2.5 MW. These power curves are represented by general logistic functions. The predicted power
capacity for the Eva Creek site is compared with that of the Eva Creek wind farm established in 2012. The re-
sults of our predictions for the winter period 2008/2009 are nearly 20 percent lower than those of the Eva Creek
wind farm for the period from January to September 2013.
KEYWORDS
Wind Power; Power Efficiency; Wind Power Potential; Wind Power Prediction; WRF/Chem; Micrometeorology;
Momentum Theory; Blade Element Analysis; Betz Limit; Glauert’s Optimum Rotor; Balance Equation for
Momentum; Equation of Continuity; Balance Equation for Kinetic Energy; Reynolds’ Average; Hesselberg’s
Average; Bernoulli’s Equation; Integral Equations; Weibull Distribution; General Logistic Function; Eva Creek
Wind Farm
1. Introduction
Countries around the world are becoming more industrial-
ized raising global energy demand. Increased demand
has caused problems to arise owing to the consumption
of so-called fossil fuels to supply the energy required.
This reason has prompted, for instance, the United States
*
Corresponding author.
OPEN ACCESS ACS