~ 904 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2020; 9(4): 904-911 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 www.phytojournal.com JPP 2020; 9(4): 904-911 Received: 20-05-2020 Accepted: 22-06-2020 C Pramod Associate Professor, DPS, CPAS, Kottayam, Kerala, India Ratheesh M Assist Professor, St Thomas College Pala Kottayam, Kerala, India Svenia P Jose Research Scholar, St Thomas College Pala Kottayam, Kerala, India Stephy Jose Research Scholar, M.G. University Kottayam, Kerala, India Corresponding Author: C Pramod Associate Professor, DPS, CPAS, Kottayam, Kerala, India Evaluation of hypolipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of Trema orientalis L. Blume leaves C Pramod, Ratheesh M, Svenia P Jose and Stephy Jose Abstract It is traditionally used for its various properties, and hence in the present study, alcoholic extract of Trema orientalis L. Blume (EETO) leaves has been screened for its hypolipidemic activity. Hypolipidemic activity is screened by inducing hyperlipidemia with the help of Fructose induced rat model, Triton x 100 induced model and serum levels of various biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and HDL cholesterol were determined. The atherogenic index shows the measure of the athero-genic potential of the drugs. The alcoholic extract showed significant (p < 0.05) hypolipidemic effect by lowering the serum levels of biochemical parameters such as a significant reduction in the level of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and increase in HDL level which was similar to the standard drug Simvastatin. The alcoholic extract exhibited significant atherogenic index and percentage protection against hyperlipidemia. The EETO possesses significant antioxidant activity evidenced by elevated levels of glutathione reductase and Glutathione peroxidase compared to the hyperlipidemic group. The ratio of HMG-CoA to mevalonate is an index of enzyme activity which catalyses the conversion of HMG to mevalonate. These biochemical observations were, in turn, confirmed by histopathological examinations of liver sections and are comparable with the standard hypolipidemic drug Simvastatin. The overall experimental results suggest that the biologically active phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, glycosides alkaloids present in the alcoholic extract of Trema orientalis L. Blume (EETO). The leaves may be responsible for the significant hypolipidemic activity, and the results justify the use of Trema orientalis L. Blume as a significant hypolipidemic agent. Keywords: Trema orientalis, hypolipidemic, ethanolic extract Introduction According to World Health Organization (WHO), in 2008, 17.3 million people died from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); of these deaths, 7.3 million were due to coronary heart disease, and 6.2 million were due to strokes. CVDs are projected to remain the single leading cause of death, representing 30% of all global deaths. The number of people, who died from CVDs, mainly from heart disease and stroke, will be expected to reach 23.3 million by 2030. Modern drugs of the first choice for elevated LDL, cholesterol are not free from side effects, particularly when used for prolonged periods. They are associated with adverse effects like myopathy, gastrointestinal disturbance, rashes, and adverse psychiatric reactions include depression, memory loss, and confusion. (Fedacko et al., 2010) [3] . As none among the available agents fulfil requirements of the desired drug, there is a need to explore the possibility of introducing effective, safe and inexpensive alternatives. Plant-derived foods and beverages are rich in phenolic compounds that show protection properties against cancer, cardiovascular disease and ageing (Hollman and Katan, 1999) [4] . LDL oxidation (oxLDL) is considered to be a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and CVD (Witztum, 1994) [13] . Both human and animal in vivo studies have shown that the level at which LDL oxidises, decreases linearly with increasing phenolic concentration (Covas et al., 2006; Weinbrenner et al., 2004; Marrugat et al., 2004) [2, 14, 5] . Thus, attention is now directed to the natural products from plant origin that possess the antiatherosclerotic activity and can promote human health. This can eventually avoid possible health effects due to the long period consumption of statins. According to the literature review, antihyperlipidemic activity on Trema orientalis (L.) Blume has not been investigated scientifically so far. Keeping because of the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines, the plant. Trema orientalis (L.) Blume has been selected to evaluate antihyperlipidemic activity. 2. In vivo studies 2.1 Selections of animals Twenty four male Wistar albino rats weighing between 150-170 gm. were obtained from Small Animal Breeding House, Mannoothy, Thrissur, Kerala and housed at Animal house of