L Local and Global Environmental Sustainability Md Nazmus Sadekin 1 and Md Muhibbullah 2 1 Department of Economics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh 2 Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Synonyms Economic Development; Environmental Sustain- ability; Global; Local; Renewable Energy; Sustainable Environment Definition Environmental Sustainability Environmental sustainability is defined as a cooperative relationship with the environment to prevent loss or destruction of natural resources and ensure long-term environmental quality. The practice of environmental sustainability helps to ensure that today’ s population needs are met without jeopardizing future generations’ ability to meet their needs. Thus, environmental sustainability means avoiding ecosystems becoming irreparably damaged and protect health of ecosystems; avoiding excess pollution and prevent the consequences of man-made global warming as it causes damage to health and the earth’ s atmosphere; limiting consumption of nonrenewable energy resources and diversifying uses of energy to renewable energy sources; and to make economic decisions based on long-term consequences (i.e., focusing on implications for future generations rather than just thinking about present moment). Local Environmental Sustainability Local Agenda 21 is a local government-led community- based, participatory effort to develop a comprehensive environmental and economic prosperity and community well-being action plan in local authorities or regions, adopted as the most important output of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit by © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 W. Leal Filho et al. (eds.), Affordable and Clean Energy , Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_46-1