Microprocessors and Microsystems 74 (2020) 103003 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Microprocessors and Microsystems journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/micpro Apprehension of parity generator through array of Mach–Zehnder modulation process G. Kalaimani a , L.M. Merlin Livingston b,∗ , C. Senthil Singh c a Infant Jesus College of Engineering, Tuticorin, 628851 Tamilnadu, India b Jeppiaar Institute of Technology, Chennai, 631604 Tamilnadu, India c Shadan Women’s College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderaba 500004, Telangana, India a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 19 November 2019 Accepted 19 January 2020 Available online 22 January 2020 Keywords: Electro-optical devices Optical logic devices Integrated opto electronic circuits Lithium niobate Modulators a b s t r a c t Optical communication relies on electro optic effect for switching and modulation processes for various purposes. In order to achieve this, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure is utilized to achieve influential optical switching based on the function of electro-optic effect. This function is widely investi- gated in this paper and the same is implemented in a parity generator/checker for obtaining electro-optic effect by using MZI structure. Simulation is devised in a computer by applying a Titanium (Ti) in-diffused lithium niobate profile of MZI. Basic 2 × 2 switch is transformed as MZI for the design of parity device over a functional wavelength range of 1.3 μm to 1.65 μm. This simulated design is analyzed with differ- ent Ti LiNbO 3 stripe thicknesses, in order to attain the optimum Ti-LiNbO 3 stripe thickness and also to improve the performance of the switch on its cross talk, power imbalance, extinction ratio and transi- tion losses. Opti BPM and Optisystem software is the tool used to design, implement and investigate the outputs obtained. The result set has proved to be efficient than all previous standards. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction One of the most vital objectives of optical digital computa- tion techniques is to develop the performances of basic and com- plex digital devices. Optical logic device is a better alternative to process the information with high speed as it can realize a number of operations such as multiplexing, switching, addressing, coding/decoding and complex digital computations. Hence, it is a timely interest of many researchers to realize various logic gates optically, and XOR and XNOR in particular. Because, these two op- tical logic devices provide way for realization of number of other functions such as equality detectors, parity generators and code converters also. The ultra fast all-optical XOR gate using two types of semiconductor optical amplifier based SOA-MZI was analyzed and key parameters were optimized through mathematical sim- ulations by Zhang et al. [1]. The electro-optic effect based opti- cal switching phenomena in MZI was efficiently considered and it was broadly investigated to implement the optical full adder and full subtractor by Ajay Kumar et al. [2]. In digital commu- ∗ Corresponding author at: Jeppiaar Institute of Technology, Chennai, 631604 Tamilnadu, India. E-mail addresses: Kalaimaniphd@gmail.com (G. Kalaimani), merlinlivingston@yahoo.com (L.M.M. Livingston), senthilsingh@gmail.com (C.S. Singh). nication, parity generator and checker had been used to retrieve the lost information. But, realizing them optically was not possi- ble for many years. Now, the optical communication era also tends to focus towards secured communication of information without any loss. This paper analyzes the ways and means of utilizing the electro-optic effect based MZI to accomplish the mission of design- ing such parity generator and checker optically by computer simu- lation. Electro optic effect is a change in refractive index of a ma- terial for a variation of intensity of applied electric field. This effect has speed less than 1 ns [3]. Mach zehnder modulator plays ma- jor role in fiber optic network and it had been designed with var- ious materials like LiNbO 3 [4], semiconductors [5], and polymers [6] etc. With the help of this design, Boolean function generators [2], switches [7], logical gates [8], encoders [9], and routers [10], had been realized by computer simulation. Compared to its dig- ital counterpart, optical parity devices provide less cross talk, ef- ficient transmission of larger data over longer distance and wide wavelength range. In this paper, we have implemented optical par- ity device with the help of MZI through Beam propagation method (BPM) by computer simulation. This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the specification of the parity device and its design. Section 3 describes the simulation and implementation of the device. Section 4 describes the analyses of important factors that influence the performance of the device. Section 5 deals with https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103003 0141-9331/© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.