International Journal of Engineering Science Invention (IJESI) ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726 www.ijesi.org ||Volume 7 Issue 5 Ver. V || May 2018 || PP01-14 www.ijesi.org 1 | Page Effect of Soil Behind And Below Anchored Wall on The Behavior of Wall By Using Different Wall & Anchor Properties Mohamad Gabar 1 , Asma Muhmed 2 , Wrida Alasefir 2 & Idress Saad 3 1& 2 (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering/ Tobruk University, Libya) 3 (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering// Bright Star University Of Technology Brega, Libya) Corresponding Author: Mohamad Gabar Abstract : This paper presents a study on the effect of soil behind and below anchored wall on wall behavior by using different wall and anchor properties. Recently the wall depths are considered in the structural design of the wall. So in this paper investigated how soils below and behind the wall with using varying wall and anchor properties affect on the wall behavior such as wall deformations, wall bending moments, axial forces, shear forces, and anchor force. Also the effects of anchor angles on the wall behavior have been investigated. PLAXIS, finite element software package, was used to perform numerical modeling and analyses to evaluate the structural response and behavior of the anchored wall. The results show that the soil conditions below and behind the wall, including the wall properties, anchor properties, and anchor angles may have a significant effect on the wall behavior and should be considered during the design of anchored walls. Keywords : Anchored Wall - Wall deformation - Anchor Angles - Wall Properties - Soil Strength --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 07-05-2018 Date of acceptance: 22-05-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. The retaining wall can be rigid type, such as masonry wall, simple concrete wall, or reinforced concrete wall. Also, it can be flexible type, such as steel sheet pile wall. Some of the wall types are used with anchors. Relatively high walls may require anchors, while relatively short walls can be cantilever without any anchors. National Cooperative Highway Research 2008 [1] Typically the anchors are installed when the wall height exceeds 6m or the wall supports heavy loads from a structure. Mohamad Gabar & Ömer Bilgin 2016 [2] studied the effect of soil below the wall, sloping bedrock, and different wall height on the wall behavior. Dawkins, William P. 2001 [3] ] investigated the effects of wall friction, surcharge loads, and moment reduction curves for anchored sheet-pile walls. Ömer Bilgin 2009 [4] studied the effect of subsurface soil conditions on floodwall behavior. Therefore, this research presented the knowledge and understanding of the behavior of soil under and behind the wall with using different wall properties, different anchor (strut) properties, and anchor angle behaviors on the wall behavior. 1.1 Objective of this Paper The soils below the anchored wall are not considered in the structural design. Therefore, this paper studies how the soil conditions below and behind the anchored wall with using different wall and anchor properties, and sloping anchor affect the wall behavior such as deformations, moments, stresses, shear forces, strains, and anchor force. Earlier studies showed that the presence of varying soil properties below the wall affects the wall deformations (Gabar & Bilgin, 2016). In addition, the effect of soil below and behind of the wall with using different wall and anchor properties on the wall behavior has also been investigated during this study. The effects of the anchor installation angle on the wall behavior under these varying conditions have also been studied. 1.2 Scope and Parametric Study The primary focus of this paper is to investigate the structural response of anchored wall using parametric studies for varying conditions. The conditions studied are: (1) Different wall properties (Normal Stiffness EA = 5.5*10 6 Kn/m to 11*10 6 Kn/m ) as shown in figure (1.1) and Table (1.1); (2) Different anchor properties (Axial Stiffness EA = 01*10 6 Kn to 07*10 6 Kn) as shown in Table (1.2); and (3) Different anchor angles (α = 15°, 30°, 45°, & 60°). Not all the parameters and ranges are considered for all possible combinations. Some of the parameters are studied by only with limited combinations of other parameters just to