~ 1248 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(4): 1248-1250 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2020; 8(4): 1248-1250 © 2020 JEZS Received: 16-05-2020 Accepted: 18-06-2020 Asit Chakrabarti Senior Scientist (LPM), Farming System Research Cerntre for Hill and Plateau Region, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Plandu Ranchi, Jharkhand, India Pankaj Kumar Senior Scientist (Veterinary Medicine), ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region ICAR Parisar, PO Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, Bihar, India Corresponding Author: Asit Chakrabarti Senior Scientist (LPM), Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Plandu Ranchi, Jharkhand, India Coccidiosis in T x D pigs in an organized farm- case study Asit Chakrabarti and Pankaj Kumar Abstract On a routine observation in an organized farm found that seven T x D piglets of 2 month age with 18 ± 1.14 kg body weights were suffering from watery diarrhoea and little blood in faeces. The symptoms, clinical findings and faecal sample examination confirmed that the piglets were affected with coccidiosis. After 5 days treatment with coccidiostat and fluid therapy the piglets were recovered gradually and started normal feeding on 7 th day onwards. However, one animal died on 5 th day. Post-mortem examination of diseased animal also confirmed presence of Eimeria species in intestine. To develop immunity colostrum feeding in early age is essential for piglets. The hygiene, sanitation, regular cleaning and fly control in shed may prevent coccidiosis in pigs. Keywords: Coccidiosis, pig, T x D breed Introduction Diseases in pig are very common where unhygienic management and proper health care is not adopted. But, in an organized farm where pigs are maintained with proper care and attention the incidences of disease is very concerning [6] . Coccidiosis is one of the most pathogenic gastrointestinal parasitic diseases caused by the different species of Phylum-Apicomplexa [3] . The disease is more common and wide spread in suckling piglets but is seen occasionally in growing and finishing pigs and boars when they are moved or housed into continually populated and infected pens [30] . It can be caused by a wide range of infectious, environmental and management factors. Coccidiosis is a common problem of confined animals kept under intensive husbandry practices. The disease is characterized by scours, dehydration, rough hair coat, reduced growth rate, weakness, weight loss etc. According to Davies et al., 1963 [9] and Ruprah, 1985 [23] oocysts of coccidia are passed in feces and may not cause a significant mortality but can certainly cause a clinical disease or can at least retard the growth of pigs. The mortality and morbidity is variable and not responsive to most antibacterial therapy. It is caused by small parasites that multiply inside the host cell mainly in the intestinal tract viz. Eimeria spp., Isospora suis and Cryptosporidium spp. [25] . It is suspected in young pigs suffering from continuous diarrhoea which does not respond to antibiotic therapy. In early stage, diarrhoea is the main clinical signs and in later stage consistency of faeces and colour varies from yellow to grey green or bloody according to the severity of the condition [8] . Environmental factors play a pivotal role in the dissemination and prevalence of coccidia infections in susceptible animals. It is mostly transmitted by ingestion of contaminated feed and water with oocysts of coccidia. In piglets, coccidiosis causes poor performance during the fattening period as well as diarrhoea, and also predisposes the animal to secondary bacterial and viral infections [16, 19] . This is mainly due to disruption of small intestine villi and surface area which interrupts with normal absorption process of nutrients. Etiology and Causal agents Generally, coccidiosis is seen in late summer as well as in winter months in India but, it may occur throughout the year. The disease is sporadic in nature and usually causes either ‘Summer Cocciodiosis’ or ‘Winter coccidiosis’. In winter months the disease may occur due to environmental stress and limitation of host and parasite concentration due to shortage of water in animal shed [5] . Das et al., 2019 [8] reported that coccidia infections in pigs are common and prevalent throughout the year in Meghalaya and was corroborated with the findings of Tsunda et al., 2013 [30] . Coccidiosis is transmitted by ingestion of sporulated oocysts. Infection is acquired from contaminated feed, water, and soiled pastures, or by licking a contaminated hair coat [12] . Oocysts are passed out in the faeces into the environment where they sporulate.