Research Article SilverNanoparticleProductionby Ruta graveolens andTestingIts Safety, Bioactivity, Immune Modulation, Anticancer, and Insecticidal Potentials Hamed A. Ghramh , 1,2,3 Essam H. Ibrahim , 1,3,4 Mona Kilnay, 1,5 Zubair Ahmad, 2,6 Sadeq K. Alhag, 2,3 Khalid Ali Khan, 2,3 Ramadan Taha , 3,7 and Fawziah M. Asiri 8 1 Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia 2 Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia 3 Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia 4 Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, Egypt 5 Department of Microbiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt 6 Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dhahran Al Janoub, Abha, Saudi Arabia 7 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 8 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, 511, Saudi Arabia Correspondence should be addressed to Essam H. Ibrahim; essamebrahim@hotmail.com Received 13 February 2019; Revised 21 March 2019; Accepted 12 May 2019; Published 24 July 2020 Academic Editor: Jacopo Sgrignani Copyright © 2020 Hamed A. Ghramh et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ruta graveolens, a plant belonging to the family Rutaceae, is traditionally used as a medicinal plant and a flavoring agent in food. is work aimed to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the ethanol extract from R. graveolens leaves and test different biological activities as well as insecticidal potentials in the extract and extract prepared AgNPs. Dried and powdered R. graveolens leaves were subjected to extraction using ethanol, and this extract was used to synthesize AgNPs. AgNP synthesis was monitored by the change in color, UV spectrophotometry, and electron microscopy (scanning). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the functional groups in the extracts. Immunological, physiological, anticancer, antibacterial, and insecticidal potentials of the extract and its prepared AgNPs were tested. Results showed the ability of the leaf extract to synthesize. SEM examination revealed a spherical shape of AgNPs with a size of 40–45 nm. e extract contained many functional groups as indicated by FT-IR. e extract alone inhibited the growth of normal rat splenic cells, while the extract containing AgNPs stimulated its growth. Extract alone stimulated HeLa cell proliferation and inhibited HepG2 growth, while both cell line growth was inhibited by the extract containing AgNPs. Both the extract and extract with AgNPs were safe on RBCs and did not cause any severe elevation in liver enzymes. e extract alone and with AgNPs showed insecticidal activity against Culex pipiens. Our findings suggest that the R. graveolens leaf extract, alone or with AgNPs, is biologically safe on animal cells and has an- tibacterial, insecticidal, and immunomodulation potentials. 1. Introduction Herbal medicines that utilize plant extracts are increasingly used to treat a wide range of diseases, though very little knowledge about the mode of action of these plants is known [1, 2]. Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae), known in some countries as Sazab and has a common name as rue, is widely dis- tributed in various geographical regions of Afro Asian countries [3]. is plant is cultivated as a decorative plant [4, 5] and is used in traditional medicine for treating many Hindawi Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications Volume 2020, Article ID 5626382, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5626382