© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2019 | doi:10.1163/15685365-12341647
Novum Testamentum (2019) 1-19
brill.com/nt
Emotions, Pre-emotions, and Jesus’ Comportment
in Luke 22:39-42
Michael Pope
Assistant Professor, Classics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
mike_pope@byu.edu
Abstract
Since Neyrey’s important study on Jesus’ emotional state in Luke’s garden scene, many
scholars have subsequently viewed the redactions as stemming, in part, from concern
over negative Stoic passions (πάθη). The present author follows a similar trajectory but
goes on to show that Luke’s removal of Jesus’ affective episode comports with a popu-
larized misunderstanding of Stoic pathology but not with well-established and cur-
rent Stoic teachings on pre-emotions (προπάθειαι). The author further demonstrates
how Stoic sources allow for and even require early onset emotive reactions that do
not threaten a sage’s moral integrity and how Luke, unlike Matthew, over-corrects his
source material in an unnecessary way.
Keywords
Luke – Stoicism – passions – garden prayer – redaction
Justified or not, Stoic theorizing on passions (πάθη) opened the door for critics
and more well-intentioned audiences alike to imagine sages with impossibly
austere emotional lives.1 Some Stoics’ own bold assertions that the primary
1 One famous parody of this sternness is the image of Stoic hero and martyr Cato in Lucan’s
Phars. (esp. 2.234-391; 9.379-410, 444-618). For a more genial ribbing of Cato’s Stoic auster-
ity, see Cicero’s send-up in Pro Murena 61-66). Austerity remains a common conception of
Stoicism and can also be found employed by scholars of antiquity for various rhetorical
ends. So, for example, C.M. Bowra, “Aeneas and the Stoic Ideal,” Virgil: Critical Assessments of
Classical Authors (ed. Philip Hardie; New York: Routledge, 1999) 211: “But there was in Stoicism …
an almost inhuman detachment from some common and reputable characteristics.” For
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