© 2020 Saeid Eslamian, Saleh Tarkesh Esfahani and Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari. This open access article is distributed under a
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American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Original Research Paper
Solutions to Managing Drought and Reducing Demands
Saeid Eslamian, Saleh Tarkesh Esfahani and Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari
Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Article history
Received: 19-05-2018
Revised: 23-06-2018
Accepted: 28-07-2020
Corresponding Author:
Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari
Department of Water
Engineering, College of
Agriculture, Isfahan University
of Technology, Isfahan 84156-
83111, Iran
Email: ostadaliaskari.k@of.iut.ac.ir
kaveh.oaa2000@gmail.com
Abstract: Conserving and saving water during droughts need a special
attitude and great attention. Because according to a variety of studies
conducted, nowadays our demand and need for water far exceed the amount
of water resources available in different areas. As a result, in order to cope
with this crisis, it is necessary to use water-recycling systems, reduce
demands, employ optimal equipment for water consumption and use other
methods which will be discussed in this study.
Keywords: Drought, Drought Management, Demand Reduction
Introduction
Drought is counted as one of the severe and critical
climatic problems in the world. Nowadays, there is a
global concern to cope with this natural disaster
(Salas et al., 2005) (Fig. 3). A drought is a phenomenon
that may occur at any time and in any places and in case
of unpreparedness to confront it, this phenomenon can
cause economic, social and environmental problems
(Woods, 1989). Therefore, it is essential to reduce the
damage caused by this phenomenon through the
planning and implementation of crisis management. The
performance of water apply limitations in a given region
is very much related to the intensity of an evolving
drought; thus, water management agencies such as City
Water Departments often face the query of how exigent
or intense a specific drought incident is (Sheffield et al.,
2009). Comprehension templates of herbage population
fatality during extreme weather incidents is significant to
protection planners because the periodicity of such
incidents is attended to enhance, creating the require to
complete climatic hesitancy into management. Climate
alteration is change sorts dispensations, thereby entangling
protection endeavors. Protection cartographers must
realize how climate drives ecological variations at spatial
and time scales pertinent to man-made intention making
(Lo Gullo and Salleo, 1993). Movements in drought
intensity, period and alternation recommend that soil
moisture droughts have become more intense, extended
and periodic. Drought periodicity and intensity are
forestalled to enhances across numerous continental
inners, the results of these alters for dominant herbages are
mostly uncertains (Gitlin et al., 2006).
Drought usually occurs with continuous periods of
reduction in soil moisture and water supply, which is
lower than its normal level for the environment and
society (Wang et al., 2011). Nowadays, drought is
examined from several perspectives that include: (1)
meteorological, (2) agricultural, (3) hydrological and (4)
economic perspectives.
From a meteorological perspective, a drought is a
period of reduction in natural precipitation and
moisture sources (Mueller et al., 2005). From an
agricultural perspective, a drought is a period, during
which soil moisture is insufficient for the beginning of
the growing season, as well as for the tolerance and
sustainability of crops. From a hydrological
perspective, a drought is a period, during which the
flow of streams is lower than its normal level and
reserves of water reservoirs decrease and finally, the
economic drought refers to its effects on human
activities and consequently physical processes in the
area (William et al., 1989).
Materials and Methods
Drought Management Solutions
The motivated procedure to drought management
is depend on measures devised and performed before,